The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints (1) the construction of ideal states, such as (2) to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3) valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato’s Republic, in (4) the relationship of the individual to the state was (5) out painstakingly without reference to (6) states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publiea, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7) . Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8) religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9) to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the "guarantor" of Rome. All constitutional (10) was a method of conferring and administering the (11) . Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12) , the family heads who formed the original senate, (13) the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14) the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15) to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16) months, and later extending its possession to lower officials. (17) the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18) authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19) the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20) , as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.

A:as B:when C:if D:so

Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1) give a great deal of information about us. For instance, we wear clothes to keep us warm, (2) unlike animals we do not have a protective (3) of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4) clothes of different colours, style and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5) beards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and carry walking sticks.
Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6) a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wall Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7) job in a country town. Fashionable and smart (8) are associated with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9) to get more help and cooperation from (10) strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11) of help with her broken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dressed less (12) .
Rebels consider themselves to be different from other people in society, and often (13) their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14) movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed in a particular style that made them instantly (15) .
But in our modem society some people (16) choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17) types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18) of clothes to express their individuality. For example, someone (19) give an impression of high social status, (20) origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.

A:when B:because C:so D:but

The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints (1) the construction of ideal states, such as (2) to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3) valueless, intellectual exercises like Plato’s Republic, in (4) the relationship of the individual to the state was (5) out painstakingly without reference to (6) states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publiea, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7) . Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8) religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9) to have received authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the "guarantor" of Rome. All constitutional (10) was a method of conferring and administering the (11) . Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12) , the family heads who formed the original senate, (13) the religious character necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14) the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15) to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16) months, and later extending its possession to lower officials. (17) the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18) authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19) the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20) , as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded.

A:as B:when C:if D:so

Clothes, decorations, physique, hair and facial (1) give a great deal of information about us. For instance, we wear clothes to keep us warm, (2) unlike animals we do not have a protective (3) of hair. But for the purpose of communication, we dress (4) clothes of different colours, style and material; we wear jewellery and other valuables; we use cosmetics and perfume; we (5) beards and sideburns; and we smoke pipes and carry walking sticks.
Strict rules govern the clothes we wear. We do not, wear football boots with a dinner-jacket, (6) a boiler suit to work in an insurance office. A clerk on Wall Street will wear more formal dress than someone in a (7) job in a country town. Fashionable and smart (8) are associated with good qualities, and well-dressed people have been (9) to get more help and cooperation from (10) strangers. For example, a woman is often given more (11) of help with her broken-down car when she is dressed attractively than when she is dressed less (12) .
Rebels consider themselves to be different from other people in society, and often (13) their physical appearance to show this. In the last two decades in Britain there have been a number of (14) movements with distinct uniforms. Hippies did not just wear simple clothes but dressed in a particular style that made them instantly (15) .
But in our modem society some people (16) choose particular clothes to project the personalities. (17) types wear brighter colours than more reserved people. Some people wear odd (18) of clothes to express their individuality. For example, someone (19) give an impression of high social status, (20) origin and bad temper by wearing an expensive suit.

Read the fallowing text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
2（）

A:when B:because C:so D:but

Passage One
America is a country on the move. In unheard of numbers, people of all ages are exercising their way to better health. According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise regularly-up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of 25 years ago. Even non-exercisers believe they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.
It is hard not to get the message. The virtues of physical fitness are shown on magazine covers, postage stamps, and television ads for everything from beauty soaps to travel books. Exercise as a part of daily life did not catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises. Growing publicity (宣专) for races held in American cities helped fuel a strong interest in the ancient sport of running. Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding and sometimes safer forms of exercise, such as walking and swimming, running remain the most popular forms of exercise.
As the popularity of exercise continues to mount, so does scientific evidence of its health benefits. The key to fitness is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously (强有力地) enough to approximately double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Doing such physical exercises three times of more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.

A:Different Forms of Exercise B:Exercise--The Road to Health C:Scientific Evidence of Health Benefits D:Running--A Popular Form of Sport

Charlie Bucket was a small boy in a very poor family. (61) once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie ever get to (62) a bit of chocolate. The whole family saved (63) their money for that special (64) , and when the great day arrived, Charlie was always presented (65) one small chocolate bar to eat all (66) himself.
And each time he received it (67) those marvelous birthday mornings, he would place it (68) in a small wooden box that he owned, and (69) it as thought it were a bar of (70) gold; and for the next few days, he would (71) himself only to look at it, (72) never to touch it. Then at last, (73) he could stand it no longer, he would strip a (74) bit of the paper wrapping(包装材料) at one corner to (75) a tiny bit of chocolate, and (76) he would take at tiny amount of it-just (77) to allow the lovely sweet taste to spread out slowly over his (78) . The next day, he would take another tiny amount, and so on. And in this (79) Charlie would make his sixpenny bar of birthday chocolate (80) him for more than a month.

A:For B:When C:So D:Only

Charlie Bucket was a small boy in a very poor family. (61) once a year, on his birthday, did Charlie ever get to (62) a bit of chocolate. The whole family saved (63) their money for that special (64) , and when the great day arrived, Charlie was always presented (65) one small chocolate bar to eat all (66) himself.
And each time he received it (67) those marvelous birthday mornings, he would place it (68) in a small wooden box that he owned, and (69) it as thought it were a bar of (70) gold; and for the next few days, he would (71) himself only to look at it, (72) never to touch it. Then at last, (73) he could stand it no longer, he would strip a (74) bit of the paper wrapping(包装材料) at one corner to (75) a tiny bit of chocolate, and (76) he would take at tiny amount of it-just (77) to allow the lovely sweet taste to spread out slowly over his (78) . The next day, he would take another tiny amount, and so on. And in this (79) Charlie would make his sixpenny bar of birthday chocolate (80) him for more than a month.

A:For B:When C:So D:Only

Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures The vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem. The dramatic (51) in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the (52) areas as the birds. It is also causing serious public health problems (53) the Indian sub-continent. While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have (54) played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India (55) . It is because they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are (56) left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year. The disappearance of the vultures has (57) an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these (58) animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, (59) wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, (60) an even greater problem in the future. The need for action is (61) , so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to (62) the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if possible, develop a cure. Large-scale vulture (63) were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined (64) over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. As most vultures lay only single eggs and (65) about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.

A:when B:so C:whether D:since