Brands

    The word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. A brand differentiates ¹ one seller’s products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of ² a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.

    A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller ³. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term. All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design ⁴. Some people erroneously believe ⁵that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand.

    One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns them—producers or middlemen. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers’ brands, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemen"s brands.

    The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. However, marketing people prefer the producer middleman terminology. To say that the brand of poultry feed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham,Alabama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penney’s or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms ⁶ national and private.

词汇：

encompass /in"kʌmpəs/ vt．包含，包括；围绕

differentiate /difə"renʃieit/vt．&vi．区分，区别

distinctive /dis"tiŋktiv/ adj．区别性的；有特色的，与众不同的

vocalize /"vəukəlaiz/ vt．&vi．说，清楚地发音；唱，练唱

letter/"letə/vt．用印刷字母写；vi．写印刷体字

trademark /"treidma:k/ n．商标

middleman /"midlmæn/ n．经纪人，中间商，中间人

terminology /"tə: minɔlədʒi/ n．术语，专门名词

注释：

1.    differentiate ... from...：把……与……区别开来。又如，differentiate tangible assets from intangible ones：区分有形资产和无形资产。differentiate后也可用between。如differentiate between right and wrong：分清是非。

2.    appears in the form of…：以……形式出现

3.    ... under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller．依据法律，它已被卖者占有了。appropriate是“私占，挪用”的意思。又如：He appropriated public funds for his own private use．他将公款挪为己用。

4.    They may also include a pictorial design．商标上也可能有图案设计。

5.    Some people erroneously believe...：有些人错误地认为……

6.    ... stretches the meaning of the terms…：……把这些术语的意思引申了……

Trademarks are protected by law whil brand names are not.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

以下关于C语言中循环的描述正确的有？（）

A:在whil和Do-whil循环体内应包含使循环趋于结束的语句 B:Do-whil的循环体不能是复合语句 C:Do-whil的循环体至少无条件执行一次 D:在for循环中可以使用rk语句跳出循环体for循环只能用于循环次数已经确定的情况

Cost as a Factor in Supply In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products________(51) his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __________(52) the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take the ____________(53)of production into consideration. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for__________(54) he believes will be a short time. However, no business person can __________(55)to lose money for a prolonged period. He must be constantly __________(56)of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to competes successfully and earn a profit. Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease._________(57)mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production,________(58) logic and practical experiences have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists_________(59)to this principle as the law of increasing costs. The reason costs rise as production goes up is __________(60). However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow,__________(61)competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs___________(62) skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __________(63)from other sources. This can be done by ___________(64)higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, ___________(65)not all land is equally fertile and not all ore(矿石)is equally rich in the mineral wanted

A:as if B:just as C:because D:whil

下列关于do while...loop和do...100p until循环执行循环体次数的描述正确的是( )

A:do whil..loop循环和d..loop until循环至少都执行一次 B:do whil..100p循环和d..100p until循环可能都不执行 C:do whil..100p循环至少执行一次，d..100p until循环可能不执行 D:do whil..100p循环可能不执行，d..loop until循环至少执行一次

VBA支持的循环语句结构不包括( )。

A:D..Loop B:Whil..Wend C:Fo..Next D:D..While

下列不是分支结构的语句是( )。

A:I..The..End IF B:Whil..Wend C:I..The..Els..Endlf D:Selec..Cas..End Select

下列不是分支结构的语句是( )。

A:I..The..EndIf B:Whil..Wend C:I..The..Els..EndIf D:Selec..Cas..End Select

下列不是分支结构的语句是（）。

A:I..The..Endlf B:Whil..Wend C:I..The..Els..Endlf D:Selec..Cas..End Select