How to Argue with Your Boss

    1 Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss"s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast¹, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss"s secretary, there are keys to timing²: don"t approach the boss when he"s on deadline³; don"t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed⁴; don"t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.

    2 If you"re mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And don"t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration⁵. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you.

    3 Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it⁶.

    4 Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more⁷. If you can"t put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they can"t get past the secretary⁸.

    5 To deal effectively with a boss, it"s important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work with you to achieve your goals⁹.

 

词汇：

mood /mu:d/ n．心情

apt /æpt/adj．易于……的，有……倾向的

concern /kən"sə:n/ n．所关注的事情

negatively /"negətivli/ adv．负面地

dismiss /dis"mis/ v．解雇

dispute /dis"pju:t/ n．争论

issue /"isju: / n．所争论的事情，争论的焦点

solution /sə"lu:ʃən/ n．解决办法

inclined /in"klaind/ adj．倾向于……的，有……意向的

 

注释：

1. …ate nails for breakfast: ……早饭吃了钉子。比喻情绪很糟糕。

2. …there are keys to timing: ……在选择时间方面有窍门。key：秘诀；线索。timing：选择时间；时间安排。

3. ... don"t approach the boss when he"s on deadline: ……别在老板赶期限时去找他。deadline: （某项工作必须完成的）最后期限。

4. …, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed. ……，这时他最易走神，匆忙行事。apt：易于……的，有……倾向的。

5. …don"t let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. ……别让某件特别的事情打开你积怨的闸门。accumulated frustration：积累起来的烦恼。

6. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it．雇员必须清楚地传达他的观点，让老板明白。get his point across：把他的观点传达给对方。

7. Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more．即使你不给老板添麻烦，他要考虑的事也已经够多的了。

8. ... they can"t get past the secretary. ……他们连秘书那一关也过不了。

9. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturallymore inclined to work with you to achieve your goals．如果你能把自己摆在老板的合伙人的位置上，他自然会愿意与你合作，达到你的目的。be inclined to：倾向于，想要。

A    to give the boss your advice.

B    how he is feeling

C    the boss may have

D    what you really want to talk to him about

E    without suggestipg.a way to solve it

F    how unhappy you are

It is necessary to make clear to the boss_________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

【GSM协议与标准】挂机之后A接口资源清除的顺序为（拆线－DISC，清除BSS资源－CLEAR，释放－REL）：（）

A:DISC-REL-CLEAR B:REL-DISC-CLEAR C:CLEAR-REL-DISC D:CLEAR-DISC-REL

"Popular art" has a number of meanings, impossible to define with any precision, which range from folklore to junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930’s for example, has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music--folk themes--in works clearly intended as high art. The case of Verdi is a different one: he took a popular genre-bourgeois melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of nineteenth-century opera) and, without altering its fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. This remains one of the greatest achievements in music, and one that cannot be fully appreciated without recognizing the essential trashiness of the genre.
As an example of such a transmutation, consider what Verdi made of the typical political elements of nineteenth-century opera. Generally in the plots of these operas, a hero or heroine--usually portrayed only as an individual, unfettered by class--is caught between the immoral corruption of the aristocracy and the doctrinaire rigidity or secret greed of the leaders of the proletariat. Verdi transforms this naive and unlikely formulation with music of extraordinary energy and rhythmic vitality, music more subtle than it seems at first hearing. There are scenes and arias that still sound like calls to arms and were clearly understood as such when they were first performed. Such pieces lend an immediacy to the otherwise veiled political message of these operas and call up feelings beyond those of the opera itself.
Or consider Verdi’s treatment of character. Before Verdi, there were rarely any characters at all in musical drama, only a series of situations which allowed the singers to express a series of emotional states. Any attempt to find coherent psychological portrayal in these operas is misplaced ingenuity. The only coherence was the singer’s vocal technique: when the cast changed, new arias were almost always substituted, generally adapted from other operas. Verdi’s characters, on the other hand, have genuine consistency and integrity. Even if, in many casals, the consistency is that of pasteboard melodrama, the integrity of the character is achieved through the music: once he had become established. Verdi did not rewrite his music for differenf singers or countenance alterations or substitutions of somebody else’s arias in one of his operas, as every eighteenth-century composer had done. When he revised an opera, it was only for dramatic economy and effectiveness.

The writer asserts that the definition of popular art is（）

A:quite accurate B:rather elusive C:fairly clear D:very dubious

(Manufactures) use (both) chemical or (mechanical) methods to obtain (clear) glue.（　）

A:Manufactures B:both C:mechanical D:clear

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study (51) out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study (52) 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were horn between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the (53) of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link (54) good physical fitness and ]wrier results for the IQ lest. The strongest links are for (55) thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a (56) in the results for the IQ lest. and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung (57) and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen." says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular (58) . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been (59) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that (60) the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who (61) their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their performance, "says Maria. Aberg, researcher at The Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Ahy health centre. "This being the case, physical education is a (62) that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must (63) we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. "
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service (64) the socioeconomic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more (65) to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

A:able B:clever C:clear D:lucky

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more (1) to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analysed the (2) of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link (3) good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for (4) thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a (5) in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung (6) and that your brain gets plenty of (7) , " says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons (8) we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular (9) . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. "
By analysing data for twins, the researchers have been (10) to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a (11) IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who (12) their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical (13) is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects. "
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests (14) national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in (15) . Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

10（）

A:able B:clever C:lucky D:clear

? ?Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more ?(51) ? to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy arid Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
? ?The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the ?(52) ? of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army.
? ?The study shows a clear link ?(53) ? good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for ?(54) ? thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a ?(55) ? in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung ?(56) ? and that your brain gets plenty of ?(57) ?," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons ?(58) ? we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular ?(59) ?. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
? ?By analysing data for twins, the researchers have been ?(60) ? to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a ?(61) ? IQ.
? ?"We have also shown that those youngsters who ?(62) ? their physical fitness between ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Mafia Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical ?(63) ? is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
? ?The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests ?(64) ? national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in ?(65) ?. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

A:able B:clever C:lucky D:clear

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores 　　Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. 　　The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army. 　　The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.” 　　By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ. 　　“We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.” 　　The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness ?

A:Brain size. B:Good logical capacity C:Clear logical thinking D:Muscular strength