Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth

　　In what resembles a journey to the center of the Earth, Japanese scientists have launched the world’s first attempt to bore a hole into the red-hot core of a volcano and unlock the secrets of deadly eruption.
　　A 50-meter-high oil-rig-like derrick perched on the scrubby slopes of Japan’s Mount Unzen will begin drilling through the volcano’s crust next week in a bid¹ to sample the magma bubbling below².
　　The aim is to study how the liquefied rock causes menacing gas buildup, said team leader Setsuya Nakata, of the University of Tokyo’s Earthquake Research Institute.

　　“Gassing is important because it controls the explosivity of eruptions,” Nakata said. “The results can be expanded to anti-disaster research.”

　　Mount Unzen , a wind-swept 1.486-meter dome on the southern island of Kyushu, is a perfect model. It erupted in 1991, showering avalanches of hot rocks over a nearby town, killing 43 people and leaving nearly 2,300 homeless. Another 11.000 people were evacuated from the area until 1995, when the volcano had stabilized.

　　The results are particularly important to a nation like Japan, where the meteorological agency monitors 20 dangerous peaks. Perhaps Japan’s most famous volcano is snowcapped Mount Fuji, which last erupted in 1707 and sprinkled Tokyo with ash.
　　The drilling on Mount Unzen will begin very soon from an altitude of 850 meters on its northwest slope. Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200-meter-long core sample by summer 2004.³
　　Boring into the glowing magma at that level would normally be impossible, because of its fiery 700 degree Celsius heat. Thus, a slurry of water will be pumped into the drill shaft to cool the magma and allow the drill head to cut through.
　　Nakata said there is no danger of triggering another eruption.⁴

 

词汇：

rig/ rɪɡ/n.钻探平台    

bubble / "bʌbl /v.冒气，沸腾

derrick / "derɪk /n.钻塔    

liquefy / ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ /v.（使）液化

perch / pɜ:tʃ /v.位于    

menace / ˈmɛnɪs /v.威胁

scrubby / ˈskrʌbi /adj.长满矮树丛的    

dome / dəum /n.圆顶

explosivity n.爆炸性    

meteorological / ˌmi:tɪərə"lɒdʒɪkl /adj.气象的

avalanche / "ævəlɑ:nʃ /n.雪崩    

vent /vent/n.出口

evacuate / ɪ"vækjʊeɪt /v.疏散    

sprinkle / "sprɪŋkl /v.撒

stabilize / "steɪbəlaɪz /v.稳定    

magma / "mæɡmə /n.岩浆

crust / krʌst /n.地壳    

slurry / "slʌrɪ /n.泥浆

unlock / ˌʌn"lɒk /v.解开    

shaft / ʃɑ:ft /n.井

 

注释:

1. in a bid: 企图，努力 a在 in a bid之后，可接动词不定式，如 : The two sides negotiated again and again in a bid to find a solution. 双方进行一次又一次的谈判，努力寻求一个解决方案。
2.below:在下面 below指的是 below the crust。
3.Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200-mcterlong core sample by summer 2004:到 8月底，科学家希望在约为海平面高度的地方引出一个岩浆口，到 2004年夏末，提取长度为 200米的样本。
4. Nakata said there is 110 danger of triggering another eruption: Nakata说，不存在引发火山新一轮爆发的危险性。

According to the passage, Mount Unzen

B:erupted in 1991. C:erupted in 1995. D:several times in the last century.

Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth

　　In what resembles a journey to the center of the Earth, Japanese scientists have launched the world’s first attempt to bore a hole into the red-hot core of a volcano and unlock the secrets of deadly eruption.
　　A 50-meter-high oil-rig-like derrick perched on the scrubby slopes of Japan’s Mount Unzen will begin drilling through the volcano’s crust next week in a bid¹ to sample the magma bubbling below².
　　The aim is to study how the liquefied rock causes menacing gas buildup, said team leader Setsuya Nakata, of the University of Tokyo’s Earthquake Research Institute.

　　“Gassing is important because it controls the explosivity of eruptions,” Nakata said. “The results can be expanded to anti-disaster research.”

　　Mount Unzen , a wind-swept 1.486-meter dome on the southern island of Kyushu, is a perfect model. It erupted in 1991, showering avalanches of hot rocks over a nearby town, killing 43 people and leaving nearly 2,300 homeless. Another 11.000 people were evacuated from the area until 1995, when the volcano had stabilized.

　　The results are particularly important to a nation like Japan, where the meteorological agency monitors 20 dangerous peaks. Perhaps Japan’s most famous volcano is snowcapped Mount Fuji, which last erupted in 1707 and sprinkled Tokyo with ash.
　　The drilling on Mount Unzen will begin very soon from an altitude of 850 meters on its northwest slope. Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200-meter-long core sample by summer 2004.³
　　Boring into the glowing magma at that level would normally be impossible, because of its fiery 700 degree Celsius heat. Thus, a slurry of water will be pumped into the drill shaft to cool the magma and allow the drill head to cut through.
　　Nakata said there is no danger of triggering another eruption.⁴

 

词汇：

rig/ rɪɡ/n.钻探平台    

bubble / "bʌbl /v.冒气，沸腾

derrick / "derɪk /n.钻塔    

liquefy / ˈlɪkwɪfaɪ /v.（使）液化

perch / pɜ:tʃ /v.位于    

menace / ˈmɛnɪs /v.威胁

scrubby / ˈskrʌbi /adj.长满矮树丛的    

dome / dəum /n.圆顶

explosivity n.爆炸性    

meteorological / ˌmi:tɪərə"lɒdʒɪkl /adj.气象的

avalanche / "ævəlɑ:nʃ /n.雪崩    

vent /vent/n.出口

evacuate / ɪ"vækjʊeɪt /v.疏散    

sprinkle / "sprɪŋkl /v.撒

stabilize / "steɪbəlaɪz /v.稳定    

magma / "mæɡmə /n.岩浆

crust / krʌst /n.地壳    

slurry / "slʌrɪ /n.泥浆

unlock / ˌʌn"lɒk /v.解开    

shaft / ʃɑ:ft /n.井

 

注释:

1. in a bid: 企图，努力 a在 in a bid之后，可接动词不定式，如 : The two sides negotiated again and again in a bid to find a solution. 双方进行一次又一次的谈判，努力寻求一个解决方案。
2.below:在下面 below指的是 below the crust。
3.Scientists hope to tap a magma vent around sea level by August and extract a 200-mcterlong core sample by summer 2004:到 8月底，科学家希望在约为海平面高度的地方引出一个岩浆口，到 2004年夏末，提取长度为 200米的样本。
4. Nakata said there is 110 danger of triggering another eruption: Nakata说，不存在引发火山新一轮爆发的危险性。

The drilling site on Mount Unzen is

A:around the sea level. B:on the northeast slope of the mountain. C:about half way up the mountain. D:as high as 1,486 meters.

如何装载（mount）上在/etc/fstab文件中定义的所有文件系统？（）

A:mount -a B:mount/mnt/* C:mount D:cat/etc/fstab E:mount

oracle数据库在nomount模式时，以下（）命令将数据库启动到mount模式。

A:startup B:startup mount C:alter database mount D:alter database open

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛峰). It is the highest mountain in the world. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.
A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mount Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.
The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal (尼泊尔夏儿巴人). Their goal is to remove all the trash (废物，垃圾) they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans and other kinds of trash. They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.
Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He also says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer to home.
Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along newly developed equipment to collect and treat human waste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below.

What is probably the best title for this passage（　）

A:A Risky Trip Up Mount Everest B:Pollution on Mount Everest C:Mount Everest—Clean-up Effort D:Robert Hoffman and His Clean-up Team

Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 percent of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was de molished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier Park.
Located inside Rainier’s two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow.
Snow accumulating yearly in Rainier’s summit craters is compacted and compressed into a dense form of ice called firn, a substance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional opening in the firn ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and, in the larger of Rainier’s two craters, forming a continuous passageway that extends two-thirds of the way around the crater’ s interior.
To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, Enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater’ s ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice replenished annually by winter snowstorms will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater wails and smothering the present caverns in solid firn ice.

With what topic is the passage primarily concerned（　）

A:The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier. B:The steam caves of Mount Rainier. C:How ice covers are destroyed. D:The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.

California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature, sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long distance.
Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska ) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only ]00 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.
California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried up lake beds.
In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts, and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
Where is the highest point in the United States located

A:Lake Tahoe. B:Sierra Nevada. C:Mount Whitney. D:Alask

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With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

A:The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier. B:The steam caves of Mount Rainier. C:How ice covers are destroyed. D:The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.

在Linux操作系统中，如果我们先用mount命令加载光驱设备到/mnt/cdrom下，接着我们cd进入该目录，但用Is列出光盘内容后，我们需要换一张CD，这时我们需要先执行（）操作。

A:使用umoun卸载该设备 B:直接按光驱的退盘键 C:退出/mnt/cdrom目录 D:重新加载设备mount-a