计算机操作系统复习题二
计算机操作系统复习题二
四岁三个月患儿，3年前发现心脏病，易患肺炎，剧哭时唇发绀。心尖区稍隆起，胸骨左缘第2,3肋间I3级收缩期杂音，P2亢进分裂，胸骨左缘下方有短促的舒张期杂音，未扪及震颤，心电图示不完全右束支传导阻滞。
P2亢进产生的机制( )
A:肺血增多 B:缺损导致血液分流 C:肺血减少 D:肺炎导致肺动脉__ E:肺炎心衰引起
Affectionate Androids
Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1. And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence. They will be programmed to tend to your every need.
Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades. ____1____Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.
For example, researchers in San Diegorecently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months. ____2____ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler. When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.
In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ____3____ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.
The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine. Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children. Few consider that unethical.
____4____ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr. or Ms. Right could be mighty tempting. As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”
A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired. And that’s the big disadvantage. Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships. People will always seem imperfect in comparison. When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you. ____5____People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences. It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser. A robot companion will be perfect at the start. However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.
词汇：
Affectionate / ə"fekʃ(ə)nət / adj. 深情的
dexterity / dek"sterɪtɪ / n. 灵巧，敏捷
anthropomorphize / ,ænθrəpəʊ"mɔːfaɪz / v. 赋于人性，人格化
grumpy / "grʌmpɪ / adj. 脾气暴躁的
cyber / "saɪbə / adj. 计算机的
tend / tend / v. 照料
bot / bɒt / n. 机器人
subservient / səb"sɜːvɪənt / adj. 屈从的，奉承的
注释：
1．Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。
练习：
A It’s easier to have a robot companion instead of a human friend.空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Teamwork in Tourism
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned1. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties2 are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.
_____(1)_____They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures4 and advertising projects._____(2)_____
Tourist counselors give valuable seminars5 to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling._____(3)_____
Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement._____(4)_____
_____(5)_____Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.
词汇：
bureau /"bjuərəu/ n．局，部门
sponsor / "spɒnsə /v．发起，赞助
agency / "eɪdʒ(ə)nsɪ / n．（旅行）社
acquaint / ə"kweɪnt /v．使熟悉
car-rental/"ka:"rentl/ n．汽车租赁
purchase / "pɜ:tʃəs / n．购买
contented /kən"tentid/ adj．满意的
注释：
1. concerned：作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。例如：Everyone concerned must sign their names here.
2. carriers and properties：指运输公司和房地产公司。
3. optimum：形容词，意为“最佳的”。又如：an optimum temperature for this kind of flower：适合这种花生长的最佳温度。
4. brochure：指具有宣传性质的小册子。
5. seminar：研讨会
6. conversely: 相反地，反过来说。又如：The teacher gave the students knowledge, and conversely, the students offered the teacher their warmest gratitude.
练习：
A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, including car-rental and sight-seeing services.
B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.
C Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.
D As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.
E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely6, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.
F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes, ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.
空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The First Four Minutes
You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. ___2___ If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In general, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”
On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs， fears, and hopes.
Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I"m not a friendly, self-confident person. That"s not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”
___3___We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”
But isn"t it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don"t actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships2 ’ especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3. That is not the time to complain about one"s health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one"s opinions and impressions.
___4___For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.
The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. ___5___That is at least as important as how much we know.
Undivided/ ʌndɪ"vaɪdɪd / adj．不分散的，专一的
accustomed / ə"kʌstəmd / adj．惯常的
personality / pɜːsə"nælɪtɪ / n．个性，人格
1.People like people who like themselves.人们喜欢那些有自信心的人。这里的who like themselves不作“喜欢自己”解，根据上下文，可以解释为“有自信的人”。
A In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.
B Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.
C In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.
D Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.
E He keeps looking over the other person"s shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.
F He is eager to make friends with everyone.
空2
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Across the Deserts
The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. TheSaharaDesertis an unfriendly environment. During the day it"s very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in theSahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across theSahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That"s a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn"t see. One time they got lost. But they didn"t quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across theSaharaDesert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of theRed Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
Stretch / strɛtʃ / v. 延伸，伸展
Calorie / "kælərɪ / n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
Quit / kwɪt / v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.
A:Right B:Wrong C:mentioned
Across the Deserts
The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. TheSaharaDesertis an unfriendly environment. During the day it"s very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in theSahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across theSahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That"s a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn"t see. One time they got lost. But they didn"t quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across theSaharaDesert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of theRed Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
Stretch / strɛtʃ / v. 延伸，伸展
Calorie / "kælərɪ / n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
Quit / kwɪt / v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......They sometimes felt sick because it was so hot.
A:Right B:Wrong C:mentioned
P1-TT-EE-P2的主要思想？
已知文法G［E］：
E→T｜E+T｜E-TT→F｜T*F｜T/FF→（E）｜I
该文法的句型T+T*F+I的最左素短语为__（1）__，句柄为__（2）__。
A:T*F B:句型中第2个T C:句型中第1个T D:I
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