单项选择
单项选择
病历摘要：患者女性，50岁，间歇性右腰钝痛10年，无肉眼血尿。B超提示双肾多发性结石。体检：T36℃，P88次/分，R22次/分,BP120/60mmHg。右肾区叩击痛阳性。 
术前必须做哪些准备？ 提示：本例拟行右肾实质切开取石术见图1\2
A:术前定位片 B:心功能测定 C:血气分析 D:静脉使用抗生素 E:肺通气功能测定 F:备血 G:输血
患者女，36岁，妊娠39周，G3P1。出现宫缩1d，持续约30s，每隔10min左右1次。产妇认为已临产，于是来院就诊。
该产妇的孕产史记录中的G3P1是指她原来有过
A:3次妊娠史 B:2次妊娠史 C:1次妊娠史 D:3次分娩史 E:2次分娩史 F:1次分娩史
The Enemy Within
Allergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK, three million people suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.
Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or peanuts. ____1____ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances, because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous.
An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen (the substance causing the reaction, such as pollen, milk or strawberries). Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells, which contain histamine. ____2____ As they do that, the surface of the cells is broken, and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as swelling, rashes, sneezing, sore eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately.
____3____ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies, and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma.
____4____ We eat more processed foods, with a wide range of additives and colourings; more and more people have central heating and double glazing, making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite.
There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health, but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries. ____5____
A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms, and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.
词汇：
allergy ["ælədʒɪ] n. 过敏，过敏症
sufferer ["sʌfərə] n. 患者，受害者
asthma ["æsmə] n. 哮喘
substance ["sʌbst(ə)ns] n. 物质
pollen ["pɒlən] n. 花粉
micro-organism n. 微生物
antibodies n. antibody的复数形式，意为抗体
allergen ["ælədʒ(ə)n] n. 过敏源
nut [nʌt] n. 坚果
histamine ["hɪstəmiːn] n. 组织胺，组胺
tissue ["tɪʃuː; "tɪsjuː] n. 人体组织
symptom ["sɪm(p)təm] n. 病症，征兆
rash [ræʃ] n. 疱疹
sneezing ["sni:ziŋ] n. 打喷嚏
breathlessness ["breθlisnis] n. 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁
anaphylaxis [,ænəfɪ"læksɪs] n. 全身性过敏反应，过敏反应
wasp [wɒsp] n. 黄蜂
sting [stɪŋ] n. 蟄，咬
hayfever n. 枯草热，花粉病
additives n. 添加剂，食品添加剂
cure [kjʊə; kjɔː] n. 治疗，解药
注释：
1．suffer from...忍受^的折磨
2．be devoted to sth. ...全身心投入于^
练习：
A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers, including viruses, bacteria and parasites.
B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive.
C Allergies run in families.
D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy.
E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time, they attempt to destroy it.
F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens.空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Are Online Friends Real Friends?
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____2____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____3____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the UniversityofSouthern Californiasurveyed 2,000 households in theUnited States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline” friends. ____4____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____5____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”
词汇:
acquaint / ə"kweɪnt / v.使熟悉
lively / "laɪvlɪ / adj.热烈的
deceive / dɪ"siːv / vt.欺骗
exaggerate / ɪg"zædʒəreɪt; eg- / v.夸大
beneficial / ˌ benɪ"fɪʃ(ə)l / adj. 有益的
update / ʌp"deɪt / vt. 更新
buddy /"bʌdɪ / n. 朋友
add on 补充
注释：
1．Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
练习：
A．In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Are Online Friends Real Friends?
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____2____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____3____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the UniversityofSouthern Californiasurveyed 2,000 households in theUnited States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline” friends. ____4____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____5____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”
词汇:
acquaint / ə"kweɪnt / v.使熟悉
lively / "laɪvlɪ / adj.热烈的
deceive / dɪ"siːv / vt.欺骗
exaggerate / ɪg"zædʒəreɪt; eg- / v.夸大
beneficial / ˌ benɪ"fɪʃ(ə)l / adj. 有益的
update / ʌp"deɪt / vt. 更新
buddy /"bʌdɪ / n. 朋友
add on 补充
注释：
1．Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
练习：
A．In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
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