肾小管功能受到损害，远端肾小管管腔与管周液间H+梯度建立障碍，和（或）近端肾小管对HCO重吸收障碍导致酸中毒，即为肾小管酸中毒。

关于I2型肾小管酸中毒，正确的是

A:泌氢及铵生成减少 B:重吸收碳酸氢盐降低 C:远曲及近曲小管功能均有障碍 D:代谢性酸中毒合并高血钾 E:氢离子吸收减少

肾小管功能受到损害，远端肾小管管腔与管周液间H+梯度建立障碍，和（或）近端肾小管对HCO重吸收障碍导致酸中毒，即为肾小管酸中毒。

关于I1型肾小管酸中毒，正确的是

A:泌氢及铵生成减少 B:重吸收碳酸氢盐降低 C:远曲及近曲小管功能均有障碍 D:代谢性酸中毒合并高血钾 E:氢离子吸收减少

某初产妇，足月临产18小时，宫口扩张停滞已3小时，宫缩25s／(7～8)min，宫底32cm，儿头矢状缝在右斜径上，小囟门在7点处(仰卧位)，S+1，骶骨平直，坐骨棘突出，坐骨切迹略小于2横指。

产程停滞的原因是

A:骨盆入口狭窄 B:高张性宫缩乏力 C:巨大儿 D:均小骨盆 E:中骨盆狭窄

More about Alzheimer"s Disease

    Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease¹ and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.

    The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.

    “ Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago，people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages²，” said Patricia Grady，acting director³ of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. ”

    Alzheimer"s is the single greatest cause⁴ of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2. 5 million and 4 million people in the United Statesalone⁵. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function，and eventually causes death.⁶ There is currently no known treatment for the disease.

    Researches discovered that the skin cells of Alzheimer" s patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that⁷ Alzheimer"s results from physiological changes throughout the body，and that dementia may be the first noticeable effect of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.

    The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation⁸. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells" supply of calcium, another critical element.

    One test developed by researches calls for⁹ growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that govern the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.

    A spokesman for the Alzheimer"s Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important development, but cautioned that other promising tests for Alzheimer"s have been disappointing.¹⁰

词汇：

neurological / ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl / adj. 神经病学的 

potassium / pəˈtæsiəm / n. 钾

dementia / dɪˈmenʃə / n. 痴呆 

formation / fɔ:ˈmeɪʃn / n. 形成，组成

deterioration / dɪˌtɪərɪə"reɪʃn / n. 恶化，退化 

calcium / "kælsɪəm / n. 钙

devastating / ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ adj. 破坏性极大地，毁灭的

microscopic / ˌmaɪkrəˈskɒpɪk / adj. 极小的，微小的

defect / ˈdi:fekt / n 缺损，毛病

signature / ˈsɪgnətʃə(r) / n. 识别标志；署名，签名，签字

physiological / ˌfɪzɪə"lɒdʒɪkl / adj. 生理的；生理学的

validity / vəˈlɪdəti / n. 效力，有效（性）

注释：

1.to identify people with Alzheimer"s disease ； 老性痴呆识别患早老性痴呆的人;Alzheimer"s disease:早

2.in its early stages：在它的早期阶段

3.acting director：执行主任

4.the singly greatest cause：唯一的重要原因

5.in the United States alone：仅在美国

6.The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death.这种毁灭性的疾病逐渐破坏记忆和行动的能力，最终导致死亡。

7.The fact that... suggests that...：事实表明

8.cells responsible for memory formation ：对记忆的形成至关重要的细胞

9.call for：要求

What is the relationship between Alzheimer"s and dementia?

A:Dementia is one of the signs of Alzheimer"s B:Alzheimer"s is one of the causes of dementia C:They are two completely different diseases D:They are similar defects of the human brain

一建筑用升降机从高50m的楼顶以5m/s的速度匀速下降，经过6s后一个小石块从楼顶落下，如果小石块的运动可以看成自由落体运动，且下落点在升降机正上方，取g="10"m/s²，则（）

A:升降机到达地面所需的时间为9s B:小石块下落2s后与升降机相碰 C:在升降机到达地面后小石块才落到升降机里 D:小石块落到升降机里时的速度大小为30m/s

在小偏压截面设计时A_s的值应为( )。

A:A_s=0.002bh₀ B:解方程组求得的值 C:按式Ne’=f_cbh(h₀-a_s)+f’_yA_s(h₀-a_s)确定的值 D:按A、C式计算取大值

在小偏压截面设计时A_s的值应为( )。

A:A_s=0.002bh₀ B:解方程组求得的值 C:按式Ne'=f_cbh(h₀-a_s)+f'_yA_s(h₀-a_s)确定的值 D:按A、C式计算取大值

在小偏压截面设计时A_s的值应为( )。

A:A_s=0.002bh₀ B:解方程组求得的值 C:按式Ne'=f_cbh(h₀-a_s)+f'_yA_s(h₀-a_s)确定的值 D:按A、C式计算取大值