FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce

    The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration （FDA）¹ said Friday.
　　More than 9, 000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.²
　　The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for U. S. and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.³
　　This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce⁴, and using only clean toilets.
　　The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination ”for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
　　“We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,” ⁵ said and FDA official, “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly.” ⁶
　　But grower groups disagreed with the FDA"s assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands, ”said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers.”⁷
　　Some US  grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on-farm practices. ⁸ Others object to the FDA"s proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.⁹
　　Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law.¹⁰ But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said.
　　The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky¹¹ but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.

词汇：

contamination/ kənˌtæmɪ"neɪʃən/n. 弄脏，污染，玷污 

guideline / ˈgaɪdlaɪn/n.指导方针，准则，标准
manure/ məˈnjʊə/n. 肥料，粪肥

document / "dɒkjʊmənt/vt.用文件证明；为……提供文件
feces / "fi:si:z/n.粪便，排泄物 

recall/ rɪˈkɔ:l/vt. 收回，撤销；记得，回想起
parasite / "pærəsaɪt/n.寄生生物；寄生虫 

 tricky / ˈtrɪki/adj.需慎重对待的，难对付的，微妙的，难以捉摸的；诡计多端的，狡猾的

An FDA official said that putting the guidelines into practice____

A:would be too costly to be effective B:would not cost any money C:would not be very expensive D:would needs lots of money

 FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce

    The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration （FDA）¹ said Friday.
　　More than 9, 000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.²
　　The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for U. S. and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.³
　　This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce⁴, and using only clean toilets.
　　The FDA guidelines identified “the major source of contamination ”for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
　　“We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail would make a big difference in food safety,” ⁵ said and FDA official, “It is our belief that these guidelines would not be very costly.” ⁶
　　But grower groups disagreed with the FDA"s assessment. “Most food-borne disease outbreaks that happen further down the distribution line are due to contamination because people preparing food are not properly washing their hands, ”said Stacey Zawal, an official with United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association. “That is not necessarily true for growers and packers.”⁷
　　Some US  grower organizations have expressed concern that the agency is interfering with on-farm practices. ⁸ Others object to the FDA"s proposal to have growers formally document the picking, handling and transportation of produce so that health officials could quickly recall foods if necessary.⁹
　　Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines as of little use because they will not carry the force of law.¹⁰ But stricter regulations could evolve as researchers find new technology or methods to kill harmful bacteria or parasites, the FDA said.
　　The FDA recommendations are due to be made final by the FDA later this year for use by US and foreign growers. The matter of encouraging foreign growers to adopt the guidelines remains somewhat tricky¹¹ but FDA officials say it is vital because of the huge amount of imported produce.

词汇：

contamination/ kənˌtæmɪ"neɪʃən/n. 弄脏，污染，玷污 

guideline / ˈgaɪdlaɪn/n.指导方针，准则，标准
manure/ məˈnjʊə/n. 肥料，粪肥

document / "dɒkjʊmənt/vt.用文件证明；为……提供文件
feces / "fi:si:z/n.粪便，排泄物 

recall/ rɪˈkɔ:l/vt. 收回，撤销；记得，回想起
parasite / "pærəsaɪt/n.寄生生物；寄生虫 

 tricky / ˈtrɪki/adj.需慎重对待的，难对付的，微妙的，难以捉摸的；诡计多端的，狡猾的

Consumer groups criticized the FDA guidelines because they didn"t think that these guidelines____

A:had won enough support from the farmers B:had been written with strict regulations C:would surely be carried out D:included new technology

关于创伤，下列正确的是（）

A:单纯创伤会加重牙周炎症 B:单纯创伤会造成骨下袋 C:治疗牙周炎消除创伤是第一位的 D:创伤会增加牙的松动度，所以动度增加是诊断创伤的唯一指征 E:自限性牙松动，没有炎症时不造成牙周组织破坏

FDA

FDA

下颌位于正中关系时的接触称为（）

A:正中关系 B:正中关系 C:正中 D:正中位 E:下颌息止位

{{B}}第二篇{{/B}}

A:some tricks need to be adopted to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines. B:a good way should be found to encourage foreign growers to follow the FDA guidelines. C:foreign growers consider the guidelines to be of great importance to them. D:it is almost impossible to ask foreign growers to follow the guidelines.