阅读理解

A

Suppose you are reading a book. Suppose, too, you suddenly close your eyes. Can you still see the book? “Of course not,” you will say. But can you tell why? You would probably say, “When I close my eyes, my eyesight cannot get out of my eyes to get to the book.” But this explanation is wrong.

　　You cannot see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examlpes that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting（反射的）light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous body. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is nonluminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in your direction. So moonlight is only secondhand sunlight.

　　When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.

　　Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380, 000 kilometres away, in only a little more than a seconD.

　　56.You can not see the book when you close your eyes, because________.

　　A. your eyes are too close to it

　　B. closed eyes are out of sight

　　C. your eyesight cannot get to it

　　D. the light from it cannot get into your eyes

　　57.The word “luminous” means________ .

　　A. visible B. lighted

　　C. giving off light D. sunlight

　58.Light travels about ________ kilometres per seconD.

　　A. 380,000 B. 300,000 C. 400,000 D. 190,000

　　59.Which of the following is TRUE? ________.

　　A. All the things you can see give off light.

　　B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.

　　C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.

D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to reaD.

B

I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voicE.

“Mom，come here！There's a lady of my size！”

The mother rushed to her son；then she turned to me to apologizE.

I smiled and told her，“It's okay.”Then I talked to the boy，“Hi，I'm Darry Kramer.How are you？”

He studied me from head to toe，and asked，“Are you a little mommy？”

“Yes，I have a son，”I answereD.

“Why are you so little？”he askeD.

“It's the way I was born，”I saiD.“Some people are littlE.Some are tall.I'm just not going to grow any bigger.”After I answered his other questions，I shook the boy's hand and left.

My life as a little person is filled with stories like that.I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents.

It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness.I stand three feet nine inches tall.I was born an achondroplasia dwarf(侏儒).Despite this，I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up.

I didn't realize how short I was until I started school.Some kids picked on me，calling me names.Then I knew.I began to hate the first day of school each year.New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs.

But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole lifE.I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantagE.What I lacked in height，I made up for in personality.

I'm 47 now，and the stares have not diminished as I've grown older.People are amazed when they see me driving.I try to keep a good attitudE.When people are rude，I remind myself，“Look what else I have－a great family，nice friends.”

It's the children's questions that make my life special.I enjoy answering their questions.My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers(a person of the same age，class，position，etC.)，whatever size and shape they come in，and treat them with respect.

60.Why did the mother apologize to the author?

A.Because the boy ran into the author.

B.Because the boy laughed at the author.

C.Because the boy said the author was fatter than him.

D.Because the mother thought the boy's words had hurt the author.

61.When did the author realize that she was too short?

A.When she grew up.

B.When she was 47 years olD.

C.When she began to go to school.

D.When she met the boy in the supermarket.

62.Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word“diminished”？

A.DismisseD. B.IncreaseD. C.DecreaseD. D.DiscriminateD.

63.How does the author feel about people's stares?

A.Angry. B.Calm. C.Painful. D.DiscourageD.

C

Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages：English and French.There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as“French Canada”.This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventures discovered the rest.

Canada left the British empire(帝国） in 1867 to become an independent country,and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever sincE.

Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country.Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast,French television is very rarE.

The same goes for traffic signs and menus,for examplE.Outside of Quebec,there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French.In restaurants,it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland(中心地带）of French CanadA.However,all products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels(标签）and instructions in both languages.

In Canada’s English speaking provinces,official bilingualism(双语）means that students can choose to complete a special French language coursE.Under this programme,they are taught most of their subjects in French.

If a student begins the course in kindergarten(幼儿园）or Grade One,it is likely that all their lessons will be in French.However,if they start at junior high school,25 per cent of the teaching will continue to be in English.

64.How many provinces are there in Canada?

A.Ten. B.NinE. C.Eleven. D.Two.

65.Which country controlled Canada before its independence?

A.FrancE. B. Britain. C.AmericA. D.Germany.

66.Which of the following sentences is right?

A.English is the only official language,though French is also spoken therE.

B.The two national television networks broadcast both in English and French.

C.All products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels and instructions in both English and French.

D.The lessons in kindergarten or Grade One are likely to be only in English.

D

English is fast becoming the language of science around the world, but what is its future among everyday speakers? One expert points out that the percentage(比率) of native English speakers is declining(降低) globally while the languages of other rapidly growing regions are being spoken by increasing numbers of peoplE. But English will continue to remain widespread and important.

However, British language scholar David Graddol says English will probably drop in dominance(主导) by the middle of this century to rank, after Chinese, about equally with Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu. “The number of people speaking English as a first language continues to rise, but it isn’t rising nearly as fast as the numbers of many other languages around the world, simply because the main population group has been largely in the less developed countries where languages other than English have been spoken,” he says.

In a recent article in the journal Science, Mr. Graddol noted that three languages that are not near the top of the list of the most widely spoken now might be there soon. These are Bengali, Tamil, and Malay, spoken in south and southeast AsiA.

David Crystal, the author of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, says about 1.5 billion of the world’s six billion people speak it as a second tongue compared to the 400 million native speakers. But another expert on the English language says Mr. Graddol underestimates (低估) the future of its dominancE. “Nobody quite knows what’s going to happen because no language has been in this position beforE. But all the evidence (证据) suggests that the English language snowball is rolling down a hill and is getting faster,” he saiD.

67. In David Graddol’ s opinion, English will _______.

A. remain widespread and important

B. be more important than any other language

C. lose its dominant position

D. die away in the near future

68. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that ______.

A. snowballs will roll down faster than language balls

B. the English language snowball is rolling down faster than any time in the past

C. English language will soon drop in dominance

D. more and more language users will choose English

69. How many experts does the passage mention who express their ideas about the future of English?

A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

70. What should be the best title for the passage?

A. English Remaining the Dominant Position

B. The Future of English? Who Knows?

C. Opinions from Different Experts

D. The English Language Snowball Rolling Down

E.

In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believE. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.

The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized, which will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.

According to Dr. David Davis , who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air , and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.

Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by peoplE.

By 2010, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road –trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”

71.We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers _______

A. do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020

B. are devoted to the technological revolution in car industry

C. consider the predictions seriously

D. have put the super-intelligent car into mass production

72. Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2020?

The car will speed up out of control

We will own as many cars as we want

All cars will be driven by computers

Cars will produce more pollution than present ones

73. The leader of the research team believes that the present car culture will change because_________

cars play a very important role in daily life

many societies would stop functioning without cars

cars should not be owned by one individual

it causes many deaths to human society

74.The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________

A. in line B. sidelong C. side by side D. shoulder to shoulder

75. What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020?

Motorists will get a clear view of the road

The weather condition will not have effect on motorists

There will be less pollution caused by car

All trains will burn less fuel than present

“言外之意”指话里暗含着的、没有直接说出的意思。请阅读下列语段，将言外之意写在横线上。

（1）一位不知名的画家向著名画家门采尔诉苦说：“为什么我画一幅画只需要一天工夫，而卖掉它却要等上整整一年呢？”门采尔很严肃地说：“倒过来试试吧，亲爱的！”

门采尔的言外之意是：

（2）钢琴之王李斯特到克里姆林宫去演奏。演奏开始了，沙皇还在和别人说话。于是，李斯特停止了演奏。沙皇问他为什么不演奏了，李斯特欠了欠身子说：“陛下说话，我理应恭听。”

李斯特的言外之意是：

[7611a85300e185ea.jpg]

解析:

略

（每小题3分，共9分）

阅读下文，完成下列各题。

前景诱人的空气发电技术

在深夜，居民用电和企业用电均处于低峰，如果是核电站或热力电站，便可以将水压缩进位于高处的储水站，当需要用电时将水排出，推动涡轮发电机发电。那么，风力发电能否也像别的发电方式那样，将空气存储起来，到需要时再使用呢？目前，德国工程技术人员找到了一种存储空气的新方法，即在地下建一座大型储气站，用空气压缩机将空气压缩，进行存储。需要时打开阀门，由__空气推动涡轮机发电，空气排放前，如果再用燃气加热，效率将更高。

早在1978年，德国下萨克森州就建成了世界上第一座空气发电站，两个位于地下658米和800米的储气站是两个废弃的盐矿矿井。这两个储气站的储气量为31万立方米，最大承受压力为70巴，足够供功率290兆瓦的发电机组工作3小时。除此以外，在美国阿拉巴马州也有一个类似的电站，据说美国将要对其进行改造，并将建造一系列新型空气发电站。（如，将于2003年并网的Norton电站就是利用废弃的碱矿矿井，它深入地下800米，储气量达900万立方米，可发电2700兆瓦，相当于二个大核电站的峰值发电量，可满足68万户居民的两天用电。）

目前，能源专家对空气发电前景看好，该技术除了能作为应急电站外，也是一种洁净能源的获取办法，如果将其与风力发电机组合使用，它将开辟一条全新的提供能源的新途径。一个风力发电机群加上压缩空气电站，无论从技术、还是从经济角度看，均可以与油、燃气、煤或核能一比高下。如我国的内蒙地区，风力资源丰富，建造风力发电机群，加上空气电站，将有取之不尽的能源。

为保证能提供充足的电能，一般在设计风力发电站时需考虑各种因素，如，建造一个50兆瓦的电站，并不是说由50台1兆瓦的风力发电机简单并联，这只是指在最佳风源的情况下能够实现，但如果风速降低，其功率可能只能达到25兆瓦，因此，建造时需要安装100台风力发电机，这样，即使在风速较低时仍能提供足够的电能。风速高时，同时工作会出现电力过剩情况，这时就可以将空气压缩进地下储气站，到需要时再放出。

空气发电技术现在还少有人问津；原因在目前矿物能源的价格太低，以致人们还无需去考虑。一旦矿物能源耗尽，政府对二氧化碳排放标准严加限制，对洁净能源的需求就会骤然而升。当然，空气发电也并非是零排放。但与热力发电相比，仅是它的二十分之一，每度电的二氧化碳排放量为10至15克。如果该技术能够投入使用，那么它将是生态能源领域的一项新突破。

根据文意，对“空气发电技术”理解正确的一项是

A.利用风力推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。

B.以压缩并存贮的空气推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。

C.既利用风力又以压缩并存贮的空气推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。

D.用电处于低峰时的储存风力发电机所用风力的技术。

对文中画线处所说建造50兆瓦电站需要100台1兆瓦电机的必要性理解正确的一项是

A.充分考虑风源状况，确保在风速较低时也能提供符合设计要求的足够电能。

B.为空气发电机提供足够数量的可供压缩储存的空气。

C.综合使用风力发电和空气发电技术，使之相互补充、相互利用。

D.开辟全新的能源提供新途径，充分利用取之不尽的风力和空气。

根据本文提供的信息，以下推断正确的一项是

A.空气发电需要巨大的储气站，必须建立在有废弃矿井的地方，利用废井储存

空气。

B.空气发电需要压缩并储存大量的空气，必须建立在风力资源丰富的地方。

C.矿物能源价格太低，空气发电现在还少人问津，要引起重视就必须大力降低

成本。

D.随着矿物能源的短缺和人们对洁净能源的需求，空气发电将成为电力的重要

来源。

【小题1】B【小题1】A【小题1】D

解析:

[d09e73b2d23bda19.jpg] 

略

[cb4c2b91c4d472f5.jpg]

下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是 （ ）

A:陈规 畸形 弱不经风 铤而走险， B:怄气 混沌 既往开来 民生凋敝. C:班配 岑寂 群贤毕至 广袤无垠 D:凌厉 黯然 文过饰非 俗不可奈

阅读下面这首诗，完成下列各题。

宿骆氏亭寄怀崔雍崔衮

李商隐

竹坞无尘水槛清，相思迢递隔重城。

秋阴不散霜飞晚，留得枯荷听雨声。

首句写出骆氏亭怎样的环境特点？这样写的作用是什么？

答：

许多人说“留得枯荷听雨声”是全篇的点睛之笔，请说说你的理解。

答：

【小题1】诗歌首句描写了骆氏亭清静寂寥（或“凄清雅洁”、“凄清孤寂”）的环境特点。触景生情，引发了诗人对友人的思念之情。（或：如此环境自然惹动怀友思绪，为下文抒发思念之情作铺垫。）（2分，环境特点、作用各1分）

【小题1】本诗是怀友诗，而这一句写诗人因旅宿思友而彻夜不眠，而雨打枯荷的清韵，暂时能慰藉思友之情，所以说此句是点晴之笔。（或：本诗是怀友诗，雨打枯荷的声音，单调而凄清，更衬出环境的寂寥，从而加深了对友人的思念，所以说此句是点睛之笔。）

解析:

略

阅读下面两首诗，完成下列各题

蜗牛（甲） 苏轼 蜗牛（乙） 苏轼

中弱不胜触，外坚聊自郛^①。 腥涎不满壳，聊足以自濡。

升高不知疲，竟作粘壁枯。 升高不知回，竟作粘壁枯。

注：①郛，外城；这里用如动词，引申为“庇护”之意。

下列对这两首诗的解读和分析，不正确的一项是

A.两首诗都写到蜗牛相同的习性和癖好——“升高”，也写到其相同的结果——“粘壁枯”。

B.甲诗抓住蜗牛内质柔弱、外有坚壳的特点来写，蜗牛就靠这层外壳保护自己。

C.乙诗突出蜗牛“腥涎”不多的特点，隐含着作者对它同情和怜悯的心态。

D.两首诗是诗人看到壁上高处枯死的蜗牛，睹物兴怀之作，寄寓着诗人对世态人情的感慨。

你认为诗人笔下“竟作粘壁枯”的蜗牛形象有何象征意义？就表达效果而言，你认为哪一首诗更好？请结合这两首诗作具体分析。

答：

【小题1】C

【小题1】蜗牛用来象征现实生活中一味钻营，一心攀爬，追求功名利禄而不得善终的人。第二首表达得更好。理由如次：1、第二首从“腥涎”入笔，较之从外壳入笔，更能突出蜗牛的丑陋形象；2、“腥涎”能更好地呼应第四句中的“粘”字和“枯”字；3、“腥涎”本身可作为一个喻体，用来比喻肚里的一点点墨水，本来只可自我消遣，偏要不自量力，拿来作向上爬的资本；“不知回”比“不知疲”更显出执迷不悟的丑态。

第二首是苏轼的改定稿，说第二首更好应该是定论。如果认为第一首好，能说出“外强中干”之类理由，可酌情给分。

解析:

略

阅读下面一首唐诗，然后回答问题

送友人入蜀

李 白

见说桑丛路，崎岖不易行。

山从人面起，云傍马头生。

芳树笼秦栈，春流绕蜀城。

升沉应已定，不必问君平。

【注】①这首诗作于天宝二年（743年），诗人当时在长安受到权贵的排挤。②君平：是汉代严遵的字，他不愿做官，过着隐居生活，曾经在成都市上以卖卜为生。

.古人评诗时常用“诗眼”的说法，所谓“诗眼”往往是指一句诗中最精炼传神的一个字。你认为第三联两句中的“诗眼”分别是哪一个字？请作简要赏析。

.作者在最后一联中蕴含着怎样的思想感情？请你做简要分析。

【小题1】笼、绕；（2分）笼：表现了树木繁茂幽深、峰壑起伏陡峭的景象；绕：表现了山水相依、水流曲折绵长、峰峦蜿蜒的景象。

【小题2】.既是劝导朋友不要沉溺于功名利禄之中，又寄寓作者在长安政治上受人排挤的深层感慨。（4分） （共8分）

解析:

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下列各项中，加点字注音无误的一项是

A:醴酪（lǐ） 龟裂（guī） 浸渍（zhì） 强词夺理（qiǎng） B:盘踞（jū） 老趼（jiǎn） 笑靥（yàn） 怏怏不乐（yàng） C:缂丝（kè） 墙垣（yuán） 租赁（lìn） 滂沱大雨（pāng） D:濒临（pín） 噱头（xué） 菲薄（fēi） 长歌当哭（dàng）

下列词语书写全部正确的一项是

A:厄运 甄别 慰藉 怨天忧人 B:惊蜇 暮霭 斑驳 入不敷出 C:饿殍 田塍 笑魇 沸反盈天 D:袅娜 殄灭 摭拾 熠熠生辉

阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。（9分，每小题3分）

保持文化的定力

经济全球化的同时，文化交融的步伐也在加快。但由于族群、社会结构和意识形态的诸多差异，国家族群间文化交融的状况极不均衡。发展中国家迫切希望公平参与全球文化交流进程，在世界舞台上发出自己的声音，但急切心愿的背后，也特别易于出现不顾客观实际渴望强国认可、且以他人标准为准则的文化焦虑症候。

在以发达国家利益为主导的全球化规则面前，实现族群完全平等的文化交流只是善良愿望。不顾客观实际以他人标准为规范的盲目操作，对发展中国家文化而言弊多利少。如诺贝尔文学奖常会引发关于评审公允的诘问，个中总不免存有几分“诺贝尔情结”的醋意心理。然而，只要认识到西方文化至上和对非西方文学潜意识偏颇的评判心理，心态就会平和。这个奖项或许只代表西方文化的权威，对判断中国文学水准的高下也没更大的意义。又如，近些年总有人用走进维也纳金色大厅作为“走向世界”的标志，其实靠人情和赠票换来的上座率，只会给人留下推销低档货色的印象。这种依托他人认可的动机和行为，恰恰是缺乏文化自信的表现。在对外文化交往中，保持足够的文化定力，显得格外重要。

保持文化的定力，需要心无旁骛地建设自己的民族文化。作为有着五千年悠久历史和文化积淀的古国，只有在继承优良传统、吸收人类文明精华的基础上，创造出富有时代特征、民族特色的文化，才是参与文化交流、开拓文化市场、立于世界民族之林的保障。盲目纳入别人的文化范式，势必丧失抗衡的本钱。俄罗斯汉学家流沙认为，那些深受西方文化影响的文学创作，如先锋文学、美女文学等，很难有长久的吸引力。丰厚的历史感和文化底蕴，是中国文学走向世界必不可少的条件。正如鲁迅先生所言，越是民族的越是世界的。在国际文化交往中，只有用气大道正、独具特色的文化产品，才能赢得世界的尊重和认可。

保持文化的定力，必须头脑清醒，不能削足适履、误入别人的文化樊篱。在文化交流碰撞中，强势文化容易影响并同化弱势文化，弱势一方则容易把强势文化预设为现代的、发达的东西。发展中国家如果一味妄自菲薄，甚至以张扬“丑陋的旧日风情”来满足他人对“落后文化”的猎奇心理，就会在文化交流中乱了阵脚，迷失了自我。

保持文化的定力，必须努力争取文化交流的话语权。各民族的文明成果，都是人类共同的财富，决不能简单地以优劣分野。只有坚守清醒的民族意识，坚守本土的文化自信，才能在外来文化铺天盖地涌来时，从容不迫，沉着应对。不管现实交流中民族文化在场与否，心中的民族精神永远不能离场，这是文明对话的根本。尽管在以西方世界为主体构建的文化秩序中争取话语权艰难而漫长，但只要我们脚踏实地地探索奋斗，民族文化就会彰显无可替代的恒久魅力。在人类文化面临同质化的风险时，保持文化的定力，尤为可贵。

（2009年11月27日《人民日报》，有改动）

下列选项中不属于“文化焦虑症候”具体表现的一项是（ ）

A.发展中国家迫切希望公平参与全球文化交流进程，在世界舞台上发出自己的声音。

B.靠人情和赠票等动作方式换来维也纳金色大厅的上座率。

C.文坛出现了先锋文学、美女文学等深受西方文化影响的文学作品。

D.以张扬“丑陋的旧日风情”来满足他人对“落后文化”的猎奇心理。

下列选项中关于如何保持文化定力的说法，错误的一项是（ ）

A.心无旁骛地建设自己的民族文化，在继承发扬优良传统并吸收人类文明精华的基础上，创造出富有时代特征和民族特色的文化。

B.在国际文化交往中，要用气大道正、独具特色的文化产品，参与文化交流，开拓文化市场，把自己的民族文化打造成强势文化。

C.在文化交流中，发展中国家要坚守民族意识和文化自信，时刻保持清醒的头脑，坚守自己的文化阵地，提防强势文化的同化。

D.在外来文化铺天盖地涌来时，从容不迫，沉着应对，脚踏实地地探索奋斗，彰显民族文化恒久的魅力，积极争取文化交流的话语权。

下列表述符合原文意思的一项是 （ ）

A.诺贝尔文学奖的评审无论如何表明其公允性，潜意识中以西方价值观念和审美情趣为评判标准的状况难以改变，拿我们的文学作品去参加评选对判断我们的水准毫无意义。

B.就文化而言，越是民族的就越是世界的，我们只要根植于民族的土壤，充分展示久远的历史，深挖丰厚的文化底蕴，就能走向世界，立于世界民族之林。

C.在现实的文化交流中，我们的民族文化在西方世界为主体构建的文化秩序中争取话语权非常艰难，但我们要有文化自信，心中的民族精神不能离场。

D.强势文化与弱势文化的区分取决于文化主体国的经济发达程度，发达国家的文化是强势文化，发展中国家和落后国家的文化则是弱势文化。

【小题1】A（这句话出自首段，引出易于出现文化焦虑症候的观点，文化焦虑症候的本质特征是不顾客观实际渴望强国认可且以他人标准为准则，而发展中国家希望公平参与不同于渴望认可，也未必是以他人标准为准则。）

【小题1】B（“把自己的文化打造成强势文化”说法有误。）

【小题1】C（A.“毫无意义”说法太绝对，原文是“没更大的意义”；B.根植于民族的土壤只是走向世界的一个必要条件；D.经济发达程度不是唯一标准。）

解析:

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