阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
囚绿记 (陆蠡)
这是去年夏间的事情。
我住在北平的一家公寓里,我占据着高广不过一丈的小房间,砖铺的潮湿的地面,纸糊的墙壁和天花板,两扇木格子嵌玻璃的窗,窗上有很灵巧的纸卷帘,这在南方是少见的。窗是朝东的。北方的夏季天亮得快,早晨五点钟左右太阳便照进我的小屋,把可畏的光线射个满室,直到十一点半才退出,令人感到炎热。这公寓里还有几间空房子,我原有选择的自由的,但我终于选定了这朝东房间,我怀着喜悦而满足的心情占有它,那是有一个小小理由。
这房间靠南的墙壁上,有一个小圆窗,直径一尺左右。窗是圆的,却嵌着一块六角形的玻璃,并且左下角是打碎了,留下一个大孔隙,手可以随意伸进伸出。圆窗外面长着常春藤。当太阳照过它繁密的枝叶,透到我房里来的时候,便有一片绿影,我便是欢喜这片绿影才选定这房间的。当公寓里的伙计替我提了随身小提箱,领我到这房间来的时候,我瞥见这绿影,感觉到一种喜悦,便毫不犹疑地决定了下来,这样了截爽直使公寓里伙计都惊奇了。
绿色是多宝贵的啊!它是生命,它是希望,它是慰安,它是快乐。我怀念着绿色把我的心等焦了。我欢喜看水白,我欢喜看草绿。我疲累于灰暗的都市的天空和黄漠的平原,我怀念着绿色,如同涸辙的鱼盼等着雨水!我急不暇择的心情即使一枝之绿也视同至宝。当我在这小房中安顿下来,我移徙小台子到圆窗下,让我面朝墙壁和小窗。门虽是常开着,可没人来打扰我,因为在这古城中我是孤独而陌生。但我并不感到孤独。我忘记了困倦的旅程和已往的许多不快的记忆。我望着这小圆洞,绿叶和我对语。我了解自然无声的语言,正如它了解我的语言一样。
我快活地坐在我的窗前。度过了一个月,两个月,我留恋于这片绿色。我开始了解渡越沙漠者望见绿洲的欢喜,我开始了解航海的冒险家望见海面飘来花草的茎叶的欢喜。人是在自然中生长的,绿是自然的颜色。
我天天望着窗口常春藤的生长。看它怎样伸开柔软的卷须,攀住一根缘引它的绳索,或一茎枯枝;看它怎样舒开折叠着的嫩叶,渐渐变青,渐渐变老。我细细观赏它纤细的脉络,嫩芽,我以揠苗助长的心情,巴不得它长得快,长得茂绿。下雨的时候,我爱它淅沥的声音,婆娑的摆舞。
忽然有一种自私的念头触动了我。我从破碎的窗口伸出手去,把两枝浆液丰富的柔条牵进我的屋子里来,叫它伸长到我的书案上,让绿色和我更接近,更亲密。我拿绿色来装饰我这简陋的房间,装饰我过于抑郁的心情。我要借绿色来比喻葱茏的爱和幸福,我要借绿色来比喻猗郁①的年华。我囚住这绿色如同幽囚一只小鸟,要它为我作无声的歌唱。
绿的枝条悬垂在我的案前了,它依旧伸长,依旧攀缘,依旧舒放,并且比在外边长得更快。我好像发现了一种“生的欢喜”,超过了任何种的喜悦。从前我有个时候,住在乡间的一所草屋里,地面是新铺的泥土,未除净的草根在我的床下茁出嫩绿的芽苗,蕈菌②在地角上生长,我不忍加以剪除 。后来一个友人一边说一边笑,替我拨去这些野草,我心里还以为可惜,倒怪他多事似的。
可是每天早晨,我起来观看这被幽囚的“绿友”时,它的尖端总朝着窗外的方向。甚至于一枚细叶,一茎卷须,都朝原来的方向。植物是多固执啊!它不了解我对它的爱抚,我对它的善意。我为了这永远向着阳光生长的植物不快,因为它损害了我的自尊心。可是我囚系住它,仍旧让柔弱的枝叶垂在我的案前。
它渐渐失去了青苍的颜色,变得柔绿,变成嫩黄;枝条变成细瘦,变成娇弱,好像病了的孩子。我渐渐不能原谅我自己的过失,把天空底下的植物移锁到暗黑的室内;我渐渐为这病损的枝叶可怜,虽则我恼怒它的固执,无亲热,我仍旧不放走它。魔念在我心中生长了。
我原是打算七月尾就回南去的。我计算着我的归期,计算这“绿囚”出牢的日子。在我离开的时候,便是它恢复自由的时候.。
卢沟桥事件发生了。担心我的朋友电催我赶速南归。我不得不变更我的计划;在七月中旬,不能再留连于烽烟四逼中的旧都,火车已经断了数天,我每日须得留心开车的消息。终于在一天早晨候到了。临行时我珍重地开释了这永不屈服于__的囚人。我把瘦黄的枝叶放在原来的位置上,向它致诚意的祝福,愿它繁茂苍绿。
离开北平一年了。我怀念着我的圆窗和绿友。有一天,得重和它们见面的时候,会和我面生吗?
注: ①猗郁,茂盛的样子。②蕈菌,蘑菇。
下列表述不符合原文意思的一项是(3 分)
A.作者在文中所说的被囚之绿,实际上就是一株常春藤。
B.文中对窗前的常春藤的称呼是不断变化的,先称其为“绿色”,然后又称其为“绿友”、“绿囚”,称谓的变化暗示着作者情感的变化。
C.“我”因为心中魔念作怪,所以囚住了常春藤,这个魔念实际上对绿的一种挚爱。
D.文中写到“我”从前住乡下时,一个友人剪除了自己不忍剪除的杂草,“我”当面批评了友人,怪他多事。
文章第二段说“我怀着喜悦而满足的心情”占有这朝东的简陋、狭小、炎热、潮湿的房间,“那是有一个小小理由”,这个理由是什么?这样写有何作用?
本文用拟人的手法来写景状物,赋予景物“性格”“气质”,取得了特殊的艺术效果。请你结合本文实例来赏析抒情方式、修辞手法这两种表现手法的表达效果。
“囚绿”是表达文章主旨的重要环节,文章命名为“囚绿记”自有其道理。
(1)、请你理顺本文的思路,填出思路链 “见绿”——“ ”——“囚绿”——“释绿”——“ ”。
(2)、请你谈谈文章命名为“囚绿记”的道理。
【小题1】D
【小题2】理由是“窗外长着常春藤。当太阳照过它繁密的枝叶,透到我房里来的时候,便有一片绿影”,我“欢喜这片绿影”。(2分) 写房间简陋、狭小、炎热、潮湿意在说明:只要有绿在,一切度可以忍受。由此突出了“我”对绿的向往,为下文赏绿作铺垫。(2分)
【小题3】本文在抒情方面,有时直接抒情,如: “绿色是多宝贵的啊!它是生命,它是希望,它是慰安,它是快乐。我怀念着绿色把我的心等焦了。我欢喜看水白,我欢喜看草绿。我疲累于灰暗的都市的天空和黄漠的平原,我怀念着绿色,如同涸辙的鱼盼等着雨水!我急不暇择的心情即使一枝之绿也视同至宝。”这些句子直接表达了对绿的无比的喜爱,感情率真、强烈。有时则间接抒情,如叙写“我”“得绿”认真的“赏绿”:“我天天望着窗口常春藤的生长。看它怎样伸开柔软的卷须,攀住一根缘引它的绳索,或一茎枯枝;看它怎样舒开折叠着的嫩叶,渐渐变青,渐渐变老。我细细观赏它纤细的脉络,嫩芽,我以揠苗助长的心情,巴不得它长得快,长得茂绿。下雨的时候,我爱它淅沥的声音,婆娑的摆舞。”陶醉于绿色之状如在眼前。
修辞方面:排比,如“它是生命,它是希望,它是慰安,它是快乐。”热情歌颂由衷赞美之情溢出纸面.
其它辞格例略。
【小题4】
(1)赏绿(观绿)、怀绿(念绿)(2分)
(2)第一、选定“囚绿”来给文章命名,这与文章想要表达的主题有关。文章五个层次中,“囚绿”写绿枝条最艰难的状况,可以理解为暗示国运艰难;“囚绿”表明作者心情复杂,这是卢沟桥事变之后,日本帝国主义大举侵略我国领土的时代背景下,作者内心极度痛苦和精神上坚决__的反映。第二、从行文思路上来看“见绿”“赏绿”写对绿的感情的逐渐加深,为下文的“囚绿”作铺垫,至“囚绿”,这种爱达到了畸形的程度,正是“囚绿”环节中常春藤所表现出的不屈服与__、向往光明和自由的倔强感动了“我”,才有了后面的“释绿”“怀绿。”(每点2分,共4分)
【小题1】“我”只是心里责怪,并未批评友人。
【小题2】略
【小题3】略
【小题4】略
喧闹、快节奏的生活和工作给人们带来了满足,也带来了烦恼。心灵时常被搓揉得疲惫不堪。那么,我们该到哪里去寻找心灵的憩息地呢?
请以“让心灵在 中憩息”为标题写一篇记叙文,立意自定,不少于800字,不得抄袭和套作。
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阅读下面的一段文字,完成下面试题
斯坦福大学的科学家们制造出了一种分子扩大了的DNA,其双螺旋结构比自然界已发现的任何一种DNA都要宽。这种大分子DNA不仅耐热性好,而且还能在__中发光——这一特性可能对检查人体基因缺陷十分有用。
DNA的典型形态是双螺旋结构——两组平行的基因信息像一根长长的盘旋的梯子一样联结在一起。每一节梯子都由两个互补的碱基组成,它们组合在一起成为碱基对。
自然界只有4种天然碱基,它们是:腺嘌呤(A),鸟嘌呤(G),胞嘧啶(C),胸腺嘧啶(T)。由于4种碱基各自独特的形态和大小,T常常与A配对,G常常与C配对。其它的配对形式(如A配C,G配T)都会因为太宽或太窄而不能形成双螺旋结构。
人类DNA由约30亿个碱基对按特定顺序排列组成,它们将人类健康生存所需要的基因信息拼写出来。只要一两对碱基对的排列顺序出错,基因密码就会出现混乱,从而导致婴儿在出生时会出现可怕的畸形或导致像癌症和镰状细胞贫血症这样的疾病。
加利福利亚理工学院的化学家纳尔逊??伦纳德在20世纪70年代做过一个实验,他将一个苯环嵌入碱基A,得到了一个大碱基xA, xA比普通碱基A宽了约33%。斯坦福大学的科尔和他的同事们继续了伦纳德的实验。
斯坦福大学的这个研究组使用与伦纳德相似的方法得到了xT——一种大小为自然T两倍的合成碱基。接下来的挑战是将这些大碱基嵌入双螺旋结构。
他们通过将xA与自然T组合,xT与自然A组合,从而合成了完美的双螺旋结构。一种比自然DNA宽了约20%的新的稳定的DNA形态诞生了,研究人员将它命名为“扩展DNA”或“xDNA”。
研究人员发现xDNA有几个比自然DNA更加优良的特点。比如说,xDNA比自然DNA的耐热性好。在实验室环境下,自然DNA的分解温度是21.3摄氏度,而xDNA在55.6摄氏度时还依然保持完整。
科尔说:“一般说来,体积大的物体比体积小的物体耐热性好,DNA也不例外。”
他补充说,大一些的分子一般会发出荧光,这也许能解释为什么自然DNA不发光,而xDNA却发出一种紫色光,使它在显微镜下被看得很清楚。
在自然界,DNA携带了所有的遗传信息并传给后代。科尔正在研究xDNA是否也有这种功能。
不过他警告说:“这种新的DNA不太可能在地球上的自然环境中发挥功能,因为它太大了。不过,我们希望,有一天它会成为地球上或是其它星球上的一种新的生命形式的基因物质,这样当我们往其它星球上派探测机器人时,我们就会知道要在冰层下寻找什么样的生命形态。”
(选自2003年11月3日《参考消息》)
下列关于xDNA的解说,有误的一项是
A.xDNA是一种人造DNA,其双螺旋结构比自然界已发现的任何一种DNA都要宽,是一种大分子DNA.
B.xDNA是美国科学家们连续研究的成果,它是由科学家们先合成一些大碱基,而后将其嵌入双螺旋结构而成。
C.xDNA与自然DNA相比,耐热性更好,而且还能在__中发光。
D.xDNA的诞生可能为人类诊断自身基因缺陷带来帮助。
下面对“双螺旋结构”和“碱基对”的解说,有误的一项是
A.双螺旋结构是DNA的典型形态,它由两组平行的基因信息像一根长的盘旋的梯子一样联结而成,故名“双螺旋”。
B.碱基对是双螺旋结构的基本单元,它由两个功能互补的碱基组成。
C.碱基的配对受形态和大小的限制,有较稳定的配对形式,太宽或太窄的配对形式都不能形成双螺旋结构。
D.人类DNA由约30亿个碱基对按特定顺序排列组成,它们将人类健康生存所需要的基因信息拼写出来。
下列表述不合文意的一项是
A.基因排序对人类健康至关重要,只要一两对碱基对的排序出错,就会致婴儿畸形或其它的一些疾病。
B.xDNA比自然DNA耐热性好,自然DNA的分解温度是21.3摄氏度,而xDNA的分解温度是55.6摄氏度。
C.在自然界,DNA携带了所有的遗传信息并传给后代,xDNA是否具有这种功能尚在研究之中。
D.xA和xT是两种人工合成的大碱基,科学家将它们分别与自然T、自然A结合,从而合成了完美的双螺旋结构。
根据原文提供的信息,以下推断不正确的一项是
A.一般说来,体积大的物体比体积小的物体耐热性好,这一规律可以解释xDNA比自然DNA耐热性更好的现象。
B.大一些的分子一般会发出荧光,DNA也不例外,这就可用来解释xDNA与自然DNA在发光问题上的差异。
C.因为xDNA太大了,科尔认为它在地球上的自然环境中发挥功能的可能性不大。
D.如果xDNA将来能成为地球上或是其它星球上新的生命形式的基因物质,它就会为我们的太空生命探索提供指导。
【小题】D
【小题】B
【小题】B
【小题】B
【小题】
“诊断”应为“检查”)
【小题】
“功能互补”错,应为“形态和大小互补”)
【小题】
而xDNA的分解温度是55.6摄氏度错,在此温度依然保持完整)
【小题】
“DNA也不例外,这就可用来解释……”错,原文是“也许”的猜测语气)
阅读下面文字,按要求作文。
“刷新”本义是刷洗使焕然一新。古往今来的人们都演绎着“刷新”的故事。你对“刷新”有怎样的体会或见解?请自选角度,自定文体(诗歌除外),自拟标题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。
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阅读下面一首唐诗,然后回答问题。
阙题
唐 刘昚虚
道由白云尽,春与青溪长。
时有落花至,远随流水香。
闲门向山路,深柳读书堂。
幽映每白日,清辉照衣裳。
(1)这首诗通过哪些意象,营造了怎样意境,抒发了怎样的情怀?
(2)分析这首诗在写景上的特点。
(1)答:诗人通过白云春光,落花流水,髙柳清辉这些意象,营造了清丽幽美、高雅闲适的意境,抒发了对山居生活的向往。(3分)
(2)(4分)答:诗人在景物描写上主要运用由远及近的写法。白云遮断山道是远景,春光摇曳的青溪是近景,落英随水而至,馥郁的花香具由远而近,柴扉敞、书堂高柳深荫则非近处难见如此明晰。诗人在移步而变化的美景中寄寓心中的喜悦。
(如答“诗人在前四句以白云春光,落花流水等意象,凸现了山中秀美的风光,着意烘托‘读书堂’的美好与高雅”,表达了作者的向往之情。”也对。)
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阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。(每题3分,共9分)
20世纪中叶,由于环境问题的产生和日益严重,西方有识之士开始从道德的角度关注生态环境现象,提出生态伦理观念,并积极倡导和开展环境教育与生态道德教育。我国的环境教育起步于20世纪70年代初,而在此基础上进一步提出生态道德教育,则是近十年来的事,作为教育领域的一门新兴学科,生态道德教育还处于摸索阶段。
生态理论以珍爱、尊重和保护生态环境为核心,以可持续发展为落脚点,以促进人与自然协同进化为评价标准。生态道德是指将生态伦理思想付诸实践的主体思想素质和精神评价机制。生态环境伦理道德的提出与构建人类道德文明进步与完善的标志,是新时期人类处理环境和生态问题的新视角、新思想,是人类道德的新境界。所谓“生态道德教育”,就是将生态伦理学的思想观念变成人们的自觉行为选择,是人类特有的道德自觉精神协调人与自然关系和人与自然关系背后的人与人之间的利益关系,保护自然环境,维护生态环境的动态平衡,促进人、社会、环境的协调与可持续发展。生态道德教育作为一种新型的道德教育活动,其实质就是要求广大受教育者以伦理道德理念去自觉保护环境,维持生态平衡和不再生资源的可持续利用。
生态教育是一种新的德育观,是继承、发展和超越传统道德教育之后的崭新教育范式。传统德育是一种以“知识性”为主导理念的模式,这种“知性论”德育的哲学取向是主客体二元分立的人际观、自然观与心灵观,其关注点重在师生之间的理论知识型纽带关系,忽略了生与生之间,师与生之间的道德体验关系,其德育过程中的操作流程是信奉外部道法规范知识传输的实践样态,而生态德育从生态意识、生态智慧和生态德行这三重生态的视界重新定位道德教育过程中的关系,强调道德教育回归生活实际,在生态体验视界中深度领悟生存实践的关系。它试图把长久以来无法解释和无法确认的人类自身、人类与自然之间的行为中的一系列棘手问题的认识与处理,纳入德育视野,以一个崭新的思路去培养一种具有更高人类品性的新人。
下列对“生态道德教育”的理解,不正确的一项是 ( )
A.生态道德教育要求人类以一种新视角处理环境和生态问题,是一种适应现代人类生存需要的崭新教育模式。
B.生态道德教育的目标是促进人、社会、环境的协调与可持续发展。它既要协调人与自然的关系,也要协调人与自然背后的人与人之间的利益关系。
C.生态道德教育是用人类特有的道德自觉精神,教育人们认识和领悟人类道德伦理观念的天然合理性,从而成为具有更高人类品性的新人。
D.生态道德教育是要将生态伦理学的思想观念变成人们的自觉行动,引导人们以道德理念去自觉维系生态环境的平衡与不可再生资源的可持续利用。
下列对本文有关内容的理解,正确的一项是 ( )
A.生态德育突破了传统德育的范围,主张道德教育回归现实生活,强调人的生态体验,重视培养人的生态意识.
B.生态伦理思想要求人们在处理现实生活中人与人之间的伦理关系时,回归自然,不搞繁琐而无必要的礼节。
C.从道德角度关注生态环境的理念,与中国古代所谓“知者乐水,仁者乐山”的思想是一致的。
D.传统德育关注的是人在人类社会中的生存状态,而生态德育关注的是人在自然界中的生存状态
根据本文提供的信息。下列推断不合理的一项是 ( )
A.虽然生态道德教育在我国起步较晚,但是可以预见这门新兴学科一定会引起越来
越多的有识之士的重视,并在社会生活中产生实际效益。
B.生态道德教育可以培养大众的环保意识,使之自觉维护生态系统的动态平衡,是解决当前人类环境危机的重要途径之一。
C.提倡生态道德教育,可以逐渐削弱生态环保领域的强制性惩处力度,转换该领域执法机构的工作职能。
D.生态道德观念把人类道德理想上升到一个更高的境界,这就意味着一个不珍爱自然、不自觉维护生态环境的人,不是完美健全的人。
【小题1】C【小题1】A【小题1】C
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阅读理解
A
Suppose you are reading a book. Suppose, too, you suddenly close your eyes. Can you still see the book? “Of course not,” you will say. But can you tell why? You would probably say, “When I close my eyes, my eyesight cannot get out of my eyes to get to the book.” But this explanation is wrong.
You cannot see any object unless light from that object gets into your eyes. Some of the things you see give off light of their own. The sun, the stars, a lighted lamp are examlpes that can be seen by their own light. Such things are luminous. Most of the things you see are not giving off light of their own. They are simply reflecting(反射的)light that falls on them from the sun or some other luminous body. The moon, for example, does not give off any light of its own. It is nonluminous. You see it because sunlight falls on it and some of it reflects in your direction. So moonlight is only secondhand sunlight.
When you look at a book, it sends to your eyes some of the light which falls on it, and you see the book. If light could be kept out from where you are so that there would be no light for the book to reflect, then you could not see the book even with your eyes wide open.
Light travels so fast that the time in which it travels from the book you are reading to your eyes is so short as if there were no time at all. Light reaches us from the moon, which is about 380, 000 kilometres away, in only a little more than a seconD.
56.You can not see the book when you close your eyes, because________.
A. your eyes are too close to it
B. closed eyes are out of sight
C. your eyesight cannot get to it
D. the light from it cannot get into your eyes
57.The word “luminous” means________ .
A. visible B. lighted
C. giving off light D. sunlight
58.Light travels about ________ kilometres per seconD.
A. 380,000 B. 300,000 C. 400,000 D. 190,000
59.Which of the following is TRUE? ________.
A. All the things you can see give off light.
B. Light from the book is much shorter than that from the moon.
C. The moment you open your eyes the light from the book travels to your eyes.
D. Light travels so fast that there is no time for you to reaD.
B
I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voicE.
“Mom,come here!There's a lady of my size!”
The mother rushed to her son;then she turned to me to apologizE.
I smiled and told her,“It's okay.”Then I talked to the boy,“Hi,I'm Darry Kramer.How are you?”
He studied me from head to toe,and asked,“Are you a little mommy?”
“Yes,I have a son,”I answereD.
“Why are you so little?”he askeD.
“It's the way I was born,”I saiD.“Some people are littlE.Some are tall.I'm just not going to grow any bigger.”After I answered his other questions,I shook the boy's hand and left.
My life as a little person is filled with stories like that.I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents.
It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness.I stand three feet nine inches tall.I was born an achondroplasia dwarf(侏儒).Despite this,I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up.
I didn't realize how short I was until I started school.Some kids picked on me,calling me names.Then I knew.I began to hate the first day of school each year.New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs.
But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole lifE.I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantagE.What I lacked in height,I made up for in personality.
I'm 47 now,and the stares have not diminished as I've grown older.People are amazed when they see me driving.I try to keep a good attitudE.When people are rude,I remind myself,“Look what else I have-a great family,nice friends.”
It's the children's questions that make my life special.I enjoy answering their questions.My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers(a person of the same age,class,position,etC.),whatever size and shape they come in,and treat them with respect.
60.Why did the mother apologize to the author?
A.Because the boy ran into the author.
B.Because the boy laughed at the author.
C.Because the boy said the author was fatter than him.
D.Because the mother thought the boy's words had hurt the author.
61.When did the author realize that she was too short?
A.When she grew up.
B.When she was 47 years olD.
C.When she began to go to school.
D.When she met the boy in the supermarket.
62.Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word“diminished”?
A.DismisseD. B.IncreaseD. C.DecreaseD. D.DiscriminateD.
63.How does the author feel about people's stares?
A.Angry. B.Calm. C.Painful. D.DiscourageD.
C
Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages:English and French.There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these—Quebec is known as“French Canada”.This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventures discovered the rest.
Canada left the British empire(帝国) in 1867 to become an independent country,and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever sincE.
Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country.Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast,French television is very rarE.
The same goes for traffic signs and menus,for examplE.Outside of Quebec,there are only a few places where you’ll see traffic signs in French.In restaurants,it’s almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland(中心地带)of French CanadA.However,all products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels(标签)and instructions in both languages.
In Canada’s English speaking provinces,official bilingualism(双语)means that students can choose to complete a special French language coursE.Under this programme,they are taught most of their subjects in French.
If a student begins the course in kindergarten(幼儿园)or Grade One,it is likely that all their lessons will be in French.However,if they start at junior high school,25 per cent of the teaching will continue to be in English.
64.How many provinces are there in Canada?
A.Ten. B.NinE. C.Eleven. D.Two.
65.Which country controlled Canada before its independence?
A.FrancE. B. Britain. C.AmericA. D.Germany.
66.Which of the following sentences is right?
A.English is the only official language,though French is also spoken therE.
B.The two national television networks broadcast both in English and French.
C.All products sold in Canada must,by law,have labels and instructions in both English and French.
D.The lessons in kindergarten or Grade One are likely to be only in English.
D
English is fast becoming the language of science around the world, but what is its future among everyday speakers? One expert points out that the percentage(比率) of native English speakers is declining(降低) globally while the languages of other rapidly growing regions are being spoken by increasing numbers of peoplE. But English will continue to remain widespread and important.
However, British language scholar David Graddol says English will probably drop in dominance(主导) by the middle of this century to rank, after Chinese, about equally with Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu. “The number of people speaking English as a first language continues to rise, but it isn’t rising nearly as fast as the numbers of many other languages around the world, simply because the main population group has been largely in the less developed countries where languages other than English have been spoken,” he says.
In a recent article in the journal Science, Mr. Graddol noted that three languages that are not near the top of the list of the most widely spoken now might be there soon. These are Bengali, Tamil, and Malay, spoken in south and southeast AsiA.
David Crystal, the author of the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, says about 1.5 billion of the world’s six billion people speak it as a second tongue compared to the 400 million native speakers. But another expert on the English language says Mr. Graddol underestimates (低估) the future of its dominancE. “Nobody quite knows what’s going to happen because no language has been in this position beforE. But all the evidence (证据) suggests that the English language snowball is rolling down a hill and is getting faster,” he saiD.
67. In David Graddol’ s opinion, English will _______.
A. remain widespread and important
B. be more important than any other language
C. lose its dominant position
D. die away in the near future
68. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that ______.
A. snowballs will roll down faster than language balls
B. the English language snowball is rolling down faster than any time in the past
C. English language will soon drop in dominance
D. more and more language users will choose English
69. How many experts does the passage mention who express their ideas about the future of English?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
70. What should be the best title for the passage?
A. English Remaining the Dominant Position
B. The Future of English? Who Knows?
C. Opinions from Different Experts
D. The English Language Snowball Rolling Down
E.
In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believE. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized, which will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis , who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air , and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.
Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by peoplE.
By 2010, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road –trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”
71.We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers _______
A. do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020
B. are devoted to the technological revolution in car industry
C. consider the predictions seriously
D. have put the super-intelligent car into mass production
72. Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2020?
The car will speed up out of control
We will own as many cars as we want
All cars will be driven by computers
Cars will produce more pollution than present ones
73. The leader of the research team believes that the present car culture will change because_________
cars play a very important role in daily life
many societies would stop functioning without cars
cars should not be owned by one individual
it causes many deaths to human society
74.The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________
A. in line B. sidelong C. side by side D. shoulder to shoulder
75. What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020?
Motorists will get a clear view of the road
The weather condition will not have effect on motorists
There will be less pollution caused by car
All trains will burn less fuel than present
“言外之意”指话里暗含着的、没有直接说出的意思。请阅读下列语段,将言外之意写在横线上。
(1)一位不知名的画家向著名画家门采尔诉苦说:“为什么我画一幅画只需要一天工夫,而卖掉它却要等上整整一年呢?”门采尔很严肃地说:“倒过来试试吧,亲爱的!”
门采尔的言外之意是:
(2)钢琴之王李斯特到克里姆林宫去演奏。演奏开始了,沙皇还在和别人说话。于是,李斯特停止了演奏。沙皇问他为什么不演奏了,李斯特欠了欠身子说:“陛下说话,我理应恭听。”
李斯特的言外之意是:
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(每小题3分,共9分)
阅读下文,完成下列各题。
前景诱人的空气发电技术
在深夜,居民用电和企业用电均处于低峰,如果是核电站或热力电站,便可以将水压缩进位于高处的储水站,当需要用电时将水排出,推动涡轮发电机发电。那么,风力发电能否也像别的发电方式那样,将空气存储起来,到需要时再使用呢?目前,德国工程技术人员找到了一种存储空气的新方法,即在地下建一座大型储气站,用空气压缩机将空气压缩,进行存储。需要时打开阀门,由__空气推动涡轮机发电,空气排放前,如果再用燃气加热,效率将更高。
早在1978年,德国下萨克森州就建成了世界上第一座空气发电站,两个位于地下658米和800米的储气站是两个废弃的盐矿矿井。这两个储气站的储气量为31万立方米,最大承受压力为70巴,足够供功率290兆瓦的发电机组工作3小时。除此以外,在美国阿拉巴马州也有一个类似的电站,据说美国将要对其进行改造,并将建造一系列新型空气发电站。(如,将于2003年并网的Norton电站就是利用废弃的碱矿矿井,它深入地下800米,储气量达900万立方米,可发电2700兆瓦,相当于二个大核电站的峰值发电量,可满足68万户居民的两天用电。)
目前,能源专家对空气发电前景看好,该技术除了能作为应急电站外,也是一种洁净能源的获取办法,如果将其与风力发电机组合使用,它将开辟一条全新的提供能源的新途径。一个风力发电机群加上压缩空气电站,无论从技术、还是从经济角度看,均可以与油、燃气、煤或核能一比高下。如我国的内蒙地区,风力资源丰富,建造风力发电机群,加上空气电站,将有取之不尽的能源。
为保证能提供充足的电能,一般在设计风力发电站时需考虑各种因素,如,建造一个50兆瓦的电站,并不是说由50台1兆瓦的风力发电机简单并联,这只是指在最佳风源的情况下能够实现,但如果风速降低,其功率可能只能达到25兆瓦,因此,建造时需要安装100台风力发电机,这样,即使在风速较低时仍能提供足够的电能。风速高时,同时工作会出现电力过剩情况,这时就可以将空气压缩进地下储气站,到需要时再放出。
空气发电技术现在还少有人问津;原因在目前矿物能源的价格太低,以致人们还无需去考虑。一旦矿物能源耗尽,政府对二氧化碳排放标准严加限制,对洁净能源的需求就会骤然而升。当然,空气发电也并非是零排放。但与热力发电相比,仅是它的二十分之一,每度电的二氧化碳排放量为10至15克。如果该技术能够投入使用,那么它将是生态能源领域的一项新突破。
根据文意,对“空气发电技术”理解正确的一项是
A.利用风力推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。
B.以压缩并存贮的空气推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。
C.既利用风力又以压缩并存贮的空气推动涡轮发电机发电的技术。
D.用电处于低峰时的储存风力发电机所用风力的技术。
对文中画线处所说建造50兆瓦电站需要100台1兆瓦电机的必要性理解正确的一项是
A.充分考虑风源状况,确保在风速较低时也能提供符合设计要求的足够电能。
B.为空气发电机提供足够数量的可供压缩储存的空气。
C.综合使用风力发电和空气发电技术,使之相互补充、相互利用。
D.开辟全新的能源提供新途径,充分利用取之不尽的风力和空气。
根据本文提供的信息,以下推断正确的一项是
A.空气发电需要巨大的储气站,必须建立在有废弃矿井的地方,利用废井储存
空气。
B.空气发电需要压缩并储存大量的空气,必须建立在风力资源丰富的地方。
C.矿物能源价格太低,空气发电现在还少人问津,要引起重视就必须大力降低
成本。
D.随着矿物能源的短缺和人们对洁净能源的需求,空气发电将成为电力的重要
来源。
【小题1】B【小题1】A【小题1】D
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下列词语中,没有错别字的一组是 ( )
A:陈规 畸形 弱不经风 铤而走险, B:怄气 混沌 既往开来 民生凋敝. C:班配 岑寂 群贤毕至 广袤无垠 D:凌厉 黯然 文过饰非 俗不可奈
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