服装设计
服装设计
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某一国家1890年到1980年人口发展状况表
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A:1890—1900 B:1900—1910 C:1920—1930 D:1930—1940
In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent to the Black population of the United States left the South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration. No one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits," the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.
The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation ______
A:United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930. B:Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930. C:The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910. D:The federal census of 1910.
In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where most of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with. the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two factors: the collapse of the cotton industry, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
But the question of who actually left the South has never been thoroughly investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus (大批出走) from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600, 000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits", the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and out-date. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries— tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. During that period, urban black workers faced competition from the continuing arrival of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their sub-sequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.
Which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation
A:United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930. B:Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930. C:The Volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910. D:The federal census of 1910.
Which of the following best describes why the restrictive banking taws of the 1930' s are still on the book
A:The bank failures of the 1930' s were caused by restrictive courts. B:Banking has not changed in the past $0 years. C:The banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested. D:Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.
In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where most of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with. the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two factors: the collapse of the cotton industry, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
But the question of who actually left the South has never been thoroughly investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus (大批出走) from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600, 000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits", the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths, masons, carpenters—which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and out-date. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries— tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. During that period, urban black workers faced competition from the continuing arrival of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their sub-sequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.
A:United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930. B:Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930. C:The Volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910. D:The federal census of 1910.
Text 2 Of all the varieties of music which fill our concert halls, theaters, and nightclubs, only jazz is native ’American music. Symphonies and concertos, the ancestors of movie and television scores as well as of ’serious’ or ’legitimate’ electronic music, were first composed in Germany. Musical comedies descended from opera, which was first performed in Italy. And our ever- popular nightclub singers are the musical heirs of the French singers of chansons. The one form of music which did not originate in Europe and which is popular today worldwide is jazz. Jazz was born in New Orleans, the child of the Blacks. It drew on the rhythms as well as the emotionalism of the African music of the’ Black ancestors, which had been transformed into ragtime and the blues. Improvisation was an indispensable element. Musicians were permitted, in solo performance, plenty of freedom to play in whatever variations just as their creative mood happened to lead them’ along. But during the Swing era ( 1930s -- 1950s ), impromptu renditions gave way to arrangement. It was a period when jazz had its widest popular appeal with the big bands that boasted of such outstanding bandleaders as Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller and a whole galaxy of top-notch instrumentalists. Rock music’ in the 1960s is a sociological expression rather than a musical force and the rock arena was seen as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash, where American youngsters struggle to define and redefine their feelings and beliefs. Bob Dylon touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights; nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation. ’Something’s happening here,’ he sang. ’You don’t know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones’ Others entered the debate. The Beatles urged peace and piety with humor and maybe a little of help from drugs. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject. Elvis Presley became the pop icon, maybe because he acted out your wildest fantasies, brought out your subdued id, embodied your frustrated teenage spirit, and encouraged your protest againsttraditional values. In this sense, rock is the music of teenage rebellion. All aspects of music -- its exciting offbeat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics and raving delivery -- indicated a defiance of adult authority.
According to the passage, improvisation was most popular（）A:in the 1930s B:prior to 1930s C:after 1930s D:in the 1950s
Text 2
| In the two decades between 1910 and
1930, over ten percent to the Black population of the United States left the
South, where the preponderance of the Black population had been located, and
migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed,
between 1916 and 1918. It has been frequently assumed, but not proved, that the
majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came
from rural areas and were motivated by two concurrent factors: the collapse
of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation, which began
in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation of
European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in
1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’ subsequent
lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background
that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial
skills. But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration. No one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in "manufacturing and mechanical pursuits," the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South. About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery-blacksmiths, masons, carpenters-which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and obsolescence. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed industries—tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. After the boll weevil infestation, urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus, a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed, and the easy conclusion tying their subsequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question. |
A:United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930. B:Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930. C:The volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910. D:The federal census of 1910.
One of the most important social developments that helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the r01e of public education was the effect of the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools. In the 1920s, but especially in the Depression conditions of the 1930s, the United States experienced a declining birth rate—every thousand women aged fifteen to forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important determinant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed on the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates.
The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in the boom times that followed, large numbers of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.
Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.
With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and discipline. The system no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youth.
A:The teaching profession during the baby boom B:Birth rates in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s C:The impact of the baby boom on public education D:The role of the family in the 1950s and 1960s
Text 2
Of all the varieties of music which fill our concert halls, theaters, and nightclubs, only jazz is native ’American music. Symphonies and concertos, the ancestors of movie and television scores as well as of ’serious’ or ’legitimate’ electronic music, were first composed in Germany. Musical comedies descended from opera, which was first performed in Italy. And our ever- popular nightclub singers are the musical heirs of the French singers of chansons.
The one form of music which did not originate in Europe and which is popular today worldwide is jazz. Jazz was born in New Orleans, the child of the Blacks. It drew on the rhythms as well as the emotionalism of the African music of the’ Black ancestors, which had been transformed into ragtime and the blues. Improvisation was an indispensable element. Musicians were permitted, in solo performance, plenty of freedom to play in whatever variations just as their creative mood happened to lead them’ along. But during the Swing era ( 1930s -- 1950s ), impromptu renditions gave way to arrangement. It was a period when jazz had its widest popular appeal with the big bands that boasted of such outstanding bandleaders as Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller and a whole galaxy of top-notch instrumentalists.
Rock music’ in the 1960s is a sociological expression rather than a musical force and the rock arena was seen as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash, where American youngsters struggle to define and redefine their feelings and beliefs. Bob Dylon touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights; nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation. ’Something’s happening here,’ he sang. ’You don’t know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones’
Others entered the debate. The Beatles urged peace and piety with humor and maybe a little of help from drugs. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject. Elvis Presley became the pop icon, maybe because he acted out your wildest fantasies, brought out your subdued id, embodied your frustrated teenage spirit, and encouraged your protest againsttraditional values. In this sense, rock is the music of teenage rebellion. All aspects of music -- its exciting offbeat, loudness, self-absorbed lyrics and raving delivery -- indicated a defiance of adult authority.
A:in the 1930s B:prior to 1930s C:after 1930s D:in the 1950s
{{B}}第三篇{{/B}}
| ? ?Archaeology has long been an accepted
tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques
have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has
been called "historical archaeology", a term that is used in the United States
to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that
postdate the arrival of Europeans. ? ?Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects. ? ?The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950’s and 1960’s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. ?But because they were treading(踩,踏) on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread. ? ?More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might nt otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States’ past. ? ?In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century ?hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed(存放) in the building’ s basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary. |
A:before the 1930’s B:during the 1930’s and 1940’s C:during the 1950’s and 1960’s’ D:after the 1960’s
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