Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence

　　Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of¹ an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look   1    domestic violence and health among men.
　　“Many men actually do experience domestic violence, although we don’t hear about it   2    ,” Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle , one of  the study"s authors ，told Reuters Health. “ They often don"t tell    3    we don"t ask. We want to get the message out² to men who    4    experience domestic violence that they are not alone and there are resources available to    5    .”
　　The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical    6   , such as threats that made them    7    for³ their safety, controlling behavior (for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go)，and constant name-calling.
　　Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner    8    in the past five years, while 6.1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year.
　　Rates were lower for men 55 and    9    ，with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months.
　　Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of    10    violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men    11    was physical.
　　However, the physical violence men reported wasn’t as harsh as    12    suffered by women in a previous study；20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of    13   
　　Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems   14   those who had not, especially older men, the    15    found.

词汇：

intimate /"ɪntɪmət/ adj.亲密的

name-calling  n.辱骂

abuse /ə"bjuːz/ n.伤害

注释：
1. at the hands of：出自某人之手,从某人那里
2. get the message out：传达这样一个信息
3. fear for：为……担忧

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A:this B:those C:that D:one

 A Success Story

1. What makes Ben"s story all the more remarkable ... : 使得 Ben 的故事更引人注意的是…...
2. It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges ... : 正是他持续不断地克服困难 挑战的能力…

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A:couple B:few C:little  D:deal

Teaching and Learning

    Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with¹ the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the (1) ______ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) ______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of² (3) ______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (4) ______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (5) ______ for learning the material assigned. When research is (6) ______, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (7) ______ guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (8) ______ a university library works; they expect students (9) ______ graduate students to exhaust the (10) ______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but (11) ______ that their students should not be (12) ______ dependent on them. In the United Statesprofessors have many other duties (13) ______ teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) ______. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (15) ______ a professor during office hours³ or make an appointment.

词汇：

assignment /ə"sainmənt/ n．任务，作业

motivate /"məutiveit/ v．刺激，激发……的积极性

exhaust /ig"zɔ:st/ v．耗尽，使筋疲力尽；彻底讨论

administrative /əd"ministrətiv/adj．管理的，行政的

appointment /ə"pɔintmənt/ n．约定，约会

注释：

1.    …lie with…：……是……的责任

2.    ....for the sake of learning…：……为了学习……

3.    …approach a professor during office hours…：……在办公时间见老师……

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A:too B:such  C:much D:more

The Difference between Man and Computer

    What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories don"t yet (1) ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about (2) ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, don"t. In fact, computers don"t (3) ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer (4) ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a "purpose".

    Of course, people have several goals that do not make (5) ______ to attribute to computers¹. One might read a restaurant guide (6) ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to (7) ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.

    However, these physiological and social goals give (8) ______ to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find (9) ______ about the name of a restaurant which (10) ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to (11) ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling(12) ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer (13) ______ "want" to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so (14) ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not (15) ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer², it might well arise out of the "goal" to learn more about restaurants.

词汇：

element /"elimənt/ n．元素，成分，要素

entertainment /,entə"teinmənt/n．娱乐，消遣

physiological/,fiziə"lDdʒikəl/ adj．生理学的，生理的

intellectual /,intə"lektjuəl/ adj．智力的，聪明的

cognitive/"kDgnitiv/ adj．认知的，认识上的

注释：

1.    …attribute to computers…：……把……归于电脑，归属于电脑……

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A:understanding B:learning C:knowledge D:awareness

Look on The Bright Side

    Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always (1) ______to be successful? Having someone around who always (2) ______the worst isn"t really a lot of (3) ______.We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says, "It looks (4) ______rain."But if you catch yourself thinking such things¹, it"s important to do something (5) ______ it.

    You can change your view of life, (6) ______to psychologists. It only takes a little effort, and you"ll find life more rewarding as a (7) ______. Optimism, they say, is partly about self-respect and confidence, but it"s also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to (8) ______. Optimists are more (9) ______to start new projects and are generally more prepared to take risks².

    Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your (10) ______ to the world. Some people are brought up to (11) ______too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything (12) ______wrong. Most optimists, on the (13) ______hand, have been brought up not to (14) ______failure as the end of the world一they just (15) ______with their lives.

词汇：

optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk / adj．乐观的，乐观主义的

psychologist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst / n．心理学家

rewarding /rɪˈwɔ:dɪŋ / adj．有益的，值得的，有报酬的

upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ /n．教养，养育，抚育

obviously / ˈɒbviəsli / adv．明显地，显然地

blame / bleɪm /v．责备，归咎于

注释：

1.    …catch yourself thinking such things………发现自己在想这样的事情……

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A:goes B:falls C:comes D:turns

A Powerful Influence

    There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference¹ to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) ______ doing anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ______ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be (3) ______ for their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (4) ______ their computers?

    Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours², (5) ______ in some game, instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (6) ______ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (7) ______ that it won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not (8) ______ to this arrangement, the parent can take more drastic (9) ______ dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from (10)______ any other sort of bargain about behaviour.

    Any parent who is (11) ______ alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to (12) ______ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (13) ______ affect a child’s performance at school. Even if a child is (14) ______ crazy about using the Internet, he or she is probably just (15) ______ through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!

词汇：

drastic /ˈdræstɪk / adj．严厉的，极端的

phase /feɪz / n．阶段，时期

arrangement /əˈreɪndʒmənt /n．安排

注释：

1．…make a huge difference…：……造成巨大改变……

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A:speak B:discuss   C:talk D:debate

Global Warming

2. …in favour of more money being spent on…：……赞成把钱花在……

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A:belief B:request  C:favour D:suggestion

School Lunch

    Research has shown that over half the children in Britainwho take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) ______ in the middle of the day. InBritainschools have to (2) ______ meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) ______ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.

    One shocking (4) ______ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) ______ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) ______ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes (7) ______ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) ______ twice as much sugar as¹ they should at lunchtime.

    The research will provide a better (9) ______ of why the percentage of overweight students inBritainhas (10) ______ in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) ______ parents, but it can remind them of the² (12) ______ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children’s diet can (13) ______ their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating (14) ______ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) ______ it.

词汇：

canteen /kænˈti:n / n．食堂，小卖部

starchy /"stɑ:tʃɪ / adj．（食物）含有大量淀粉的

注释：

1.    …twice as much sugar as…：……2倍的糖分……

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A:nutritional B:healthy C:positive D:good

A Life with Birds