计算机操作员中级
计算机操作员中级
Compact Disks
1 If someone says to you your music CDs don"t really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers — a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.
2 A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.
3 Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.
4 There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on（rewritten on）as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc — Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.
5 CDs were first sold to the public in 1982 These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.
6 Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.
词汇：
bump / bʌmp/ n．隆块，隆起
spiral / ’spaɪərəl / adj．螺旋形的
probe / prəʊb/n．探测器
floppy / ’flɒpɪ/ adj．松软的
floppy disk软（磁）盘
format / ’fɔ:mæt/ n．格式
dye / daɪ/ n．染色
permanently / ’pɜ:mənəntlɪ / adv．永久地
注释：
1．... he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers – a digital code：他说的对，因为实际上声音以特殊的数字形式，即数码，刻录在CD碟片上。in that是“因为”，如：Water is essential in that without it all living things would die.水是基本要素，因为没有水，所有生物都要死亡。
2．CD player：CD播放机
3．as you would do with a floppy disk：就像你使用软磁盘一样
4．CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc – Read Only Memory：CD-ROM是Compact Disc – Read Only Memory这五个词首字母组成的缩写词。
5．It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented：过不了几年，说不定又会发明一种全新的技术。many more years是“再过许多年”。
6．“there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs”语法上可以理解为“there is no doubt（about the fact that）you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs”。A shine on bumpsB take many more years
C be the key parts
D restore the original code
E be written on and rewritten on
F keen contact with their ground station efficientlySpace probes could not ________ without using digital codes.
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen
1 Check out the io Personal Digital Pen launched by Logitech：It’s a magic pen that can store everything you write and transfer it to your computer. And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work.1
2 Logitech’s technology works like this：The pen writes normally, using normal ballpoint pen ink2. But while you are writing, a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing3, mapping your writing via a patchwork of minute dots printed on the paper. All this information—the movement of your pen on the paper, basically — is then stored digitally inside the pen, whether you are writing notes or drawing complex diagrams. You can store up to 40 pages worth of doodles in the pen’s memory. As far as you are concerned4, you are just using a normal pen.
3 It is only when you drop the pen into its PC-connected cradle that the fun begins. Special software on your PC will figure out what you have done, and begin to download any documents you have written since the last time it was there. Depending on whether you have ticked certain boxes on the special notepad, it can also tell whether the document is destined to be an e-mail, a “to do” task, or a diagram to be inserted into a word-processing document. Once the documents are downloaded you can view them, print them out or convert them to other formats.
4 The io Personal Digital Pen is a neat and simple solution to the problem of storing, sharing and retrieving handwritten notes, as well as for handling diagrams, pictures and other non-text doodling. You don’t have to carry a laptop along with you. All you have to do is just whip out the pen and the special paper and you are off5.
5 It is a great product because it does not force you to work differently—walking around with a screen strapped to your arm, or carrying with you extra bits and pieces. The pen is light and works like a normal pen if you need it to, while the special notepads look and feel like notepads. The only strange looks will be from people who are curious why you are writing with a cigar.
6 The io Personal Digital Pen also has potential elsewhere. FedEx6, for example, is introducing a version of the pen so that customers can fill out forms by hand — instead of punching letters into cumbersome devices. Once that data is digital more or less anything can be done with it — transferring it wirelessly to a central computer, for example, or via a hand-phone. Doctors could transmit their prescriptions direct to pharmacies, reducing fraud; policemen could send their reports back to the station, reducing paperwork.
词汇：
lug / lʌg / v．吃力地携带
snapshot / ’snæpʃɒt/ n．快照
patchwork / ’pætʃwɜ:k / n．拼凑的东西，杂絵
doodle / ’du: dl / n．信手写就的资料
cradle / ’kreɪdl / n．座，支架
download v．下载
tick / tɪk/ v．打上小记号
notepad n．记事本
destined / ’destɪnd/ adj．预定的
laptop / ’læptɒp / n．笔记本电脑，膝上电脑
whip / wɪp / v．猛地拔出
strap / stræp / v．用带扣住
cumbersome / ’kʌmbəsəm/ adj．麻烦的
pharmacy / ’fɑ:məsɪ / n．药房
注释：
1．And you don’t have to lug a hand-held device along with you for it to work：to work是动词不定式，用作目的状语，修饰lugb for it是work的逻辑主语。it指代io Personal Digital Pen。
2．ballpoint pen ink：圆珠笔墨水
3．a tiny camera inside the pen is also taking 100 snapshots per second of what you are doing：is also taking 100 snapshots和of what you are doing之间插入了per second。
4．As far as you are concerned：就你而言
5．…you are off：……你就能开始工作了
6．FedEx：联邦快递公司
A you don’t have to carry your laptop alongB the information will be shown digitally on the pen
C FedEx has special software to store your information
D it works like an ordinary pen
E you simply place the pen into its computer-connected cradle
F the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen
There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because _______.
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
DVD的英文全名是（）。
A:digital Video disc B:digital video disk C:digital view disk D:dec video disc
Text 1
The past 40 years have witnessed an extraordinary evolution. From slow expensive machines controlled by punched cards, computers have become low-cost, powerful units taking up no more space than a briefcase. Simultaneously, our world has become interlaced with telephone wires, optic fibers, undersea cables, microwave links, television channels and satellite communications.
At the crossing of these two developments stands the Internet—a direct result of computer technology intersecting with communication technology. But for many in the world of today’s media, this is merely a first landmark in what promises to be a giant upheaval in the way people communicate, relax and work. This is the era of digital convergence.
According to a recent article in Scientific American, convergence is in principle "the union of audio, video and data communications into a single source, received on a single device, delivered by a single connection." Digital technology has already provided a medium for integrating media that until now required distinct channels of communication: we can now send emails using our televisions or text messages over mobile phones. Real-time video can be transmitted over radio channels, while television and radio can be received on Personal Computers.
Full digital convergence promises real-time access to information anywhere in the world, and global communication through text, graphics, video and audio. In fact, there seems to be no technological limit to what might be possible. "The reality of ’anywhere, anytime’ access to broadband digital networks is going to make our lives freer and fuller," Gerald Levin, chief executive officer of AOL Time Warner, has promised. But technology alone cannot bring about such a world, as long as consumers and companies do not embrace it, convergence is likely to go the way of several hyped-up predecessors.
Over a decade ago, for example, virtual reality was the technology of the future, and many people anticipated a day where we would be wearing head-mounted displays and interacting with all manner of virtual environments. At the time there was real concern about changes in industrial practices and social behavior brought about by this technology. So what happened to this vision Well, we got it wrong. Currently, the home computer is the main interface to the Internet. But relatively few people in the world have access to PCs, and few would argue that they are ideal for the purpose--they can crash and freeze because they were not designed for widespread Internet use.
A:the Internet. B:the digital technology. C:the mobile phone. D:Personal Computer.
The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you’ll be able to record your entire life (1) —anything a microphone or a camera can sense you’ Il be able to (2) . In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3) a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. (4) a generation’ s time, my children’ s children will have total image documentation of their entire lives—a (5) log of tremendous personal value.
By then we’ll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6) connected to the internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we’re already working (7) millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8) will expand dramatically (9) microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiply. Just imagine (10) the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you.
(11) costs raise other possibilities too. (12) launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. There’ s lots of (13) up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14) communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system (15) would be amazing. Speech is so (16) that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you’ 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17) and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with business (18) , friends and relatives. One day I (19) being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20) ; we’ll be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down "together" to eat.
A:visual B:video C:digital D:audio
The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you’ll be able to record your entire life (1) —anything a microphone or a camera can sense you’ Il be able to (2) . In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3) a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. (4) a generation’ s time, my children’ s children will have total image documentation of their entire lives—a (5) log of tremendous personal value.
By then we’ll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6) connected to the internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we’re already working (7) millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8) will expand dramatically (9) microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiply. Just imagine (10) the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you.
(11) costs raise other possibilities too. (12) launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. There’ s lots of (13) up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14) communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system (15) would be amazing. Speech is so (16) that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you’ 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17) and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with business (18) , friends and relatives. One day I (19) being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20) ; we’ll be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down "together" to eat.
A:visual B:video C:digital D:audio
The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon you’ll be able to record your entire life (1) —anything a microphone or a camera can sense you’ Il be able to (2) . In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3) a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. (4) a generation’ s time, my children’ s children will have total image documentation of their entire lives—a (5) log of tremendous personal value.
By then we’ll be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6) connected to the internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Cambridge, we’re already working (7) millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8) will expand dramatically (9) microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiply. Just imagine (10) the paint on the wall could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you.
(11) costs raise other possibilities too. (12) launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. There’ s lots of (13) up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14) communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, system (15) would be amazing. Speech is so (16) that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you’ 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17) and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with business (18) , friends and relatives. One day I (19) being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20) ; we’ll be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down "together" to eat.
A:visual B:video C:digital D:audio
