Transportation Decision Transportation decision consists of the following parts: 1.Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance,cargo weights,linkage,timing and other requirements.Generally speaking,rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost.It can move heavy,large quantity of cargo in the long distance.But,rail is disadvantaged because of the longer transit time and less frequent service than motor. Motor carriers such as truck companies offer door-to-door service,that is,the cargo can be shipped from the shipper＇swarehouse to the consignee＇s.Trucking fixed cost is the lowest of any carrier,because the equipment is fairly cheap and the motor carriers do not have to invest in the roads on which they run their operations.However,their variable costs are very high.Its expenses include two major components:firstly,the pick-up and delivery costs;secondly,there are gas or fuel costs,labor expenses and toll roads fees to be paid to highway and toll road operators Therefore,motor transport is good for cargo with small quantity to be shipped within short distances. Water is the predominant choice of transportation as it has the capacity to take greatest quantity,travel longest distance with lowest cost.Transport by sea accounts for 80% of in-ternational trade.The major expenses for water are expenses associated with investment and maintenance of the ships and terminals.For example,a 100000-ton container ship costs US$ 200 million.Terminal associated costs include harbor fees and the cost for loading and unloading the goods. Transport by air has the highest cost but it is fast with the lowest ratio of loss and dam-age.If you need to deliver an urgent order,there is little choice but by air. 2.Transport service provider is selected for its experiences,equipment,services and prices.Competitive in the transport industry usually drives the prices down and motivates for better services.A company also chooses its transport service provider because of its long-standing business relationship with certain shipping companies. 3.The alternative routing and scheduling is specific for motor only because railway and water have strict route and timetable.Motor has special advantage in terms of flexibility.It has the ability to load goods at greater frequency,travel through different routes and making deliveries to different loca-tions.Questions:

For heavy and long distance cargo with low cost,which of the following is the pre-ferred mode for transportation?( )

A:Trucks. B:Water. C:Aircraft. D:Broken down in small bulks and deliver by air.

cargo manifest

Cargo handling unit is rated according to the _____ to be lifted.

A:cargo crane B:jib C:safe working load D:oil pressure

_____ belongs to the cargo handling equipment.

A:cargo winch B:chain lifter C:cable stopper D:windlass

Prior to entering a cargo pump room, you should ensure that _____.

A:the forced ventilating system is operating B:the cargo pumps are secured C:no monocarbon gases are present D:the oily water separator is de-energized

"The stowage position of the cargo should be identified in advance because ______．

A:the specific EMS SPILLAGE SCHEDULE is determined by the position of the cargo B:in the event of a spillage it takes time to allocate the position of the cargo C:sometimes it is not directly available from the Dangerous Goods Manifest and StowagePlan D:some materials to be used could be hampered by an inaccessible stowage locateon"

Portable fire extinguishers must be provided for the cargo tank area of an unmanned tank barge ______.

A:only when fully loaded B:if one or more tanks are full C:when transferring cargo D:only when the barge is being towed"

The Shippers to load trucks and heavy cargo, and also to supply all necessary materials for lashing.The expenses will be charged to ______ account．

A:the supercargo's B:the Shipper's C:the owner' D:the Consignee's

Owner shall have a lien on the cargo for freight, dead-freight, demurrage and damages for detention.It means that ______．

A:Owner will not deliver the cargo if freight not paid B:Owner will keep the dead-freight until the cargo has been delivered C:Owner will keep the demurrage as soon as the cargo be delivered D:Owner shall have no right of detention for the damaged cargo to be delivered"

Whose duty is it to examine and verify the state and condition of the cargo carried on board ? ______．

A:Tally man's B:Marine surveyor's C:Cargo surveyor's D:Boarding officer's"