For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute(19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

A:accelerator B:actor C:amplifier D:observer

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172words a minute (19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

A:accelerator B:actor C:amplifier D:observer

Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer.FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

A:A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FD to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications". B:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. C:Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally. D:Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. E:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense ceils designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.

Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer.The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body’s immune cells.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

A:A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FD to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications". B:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. C:Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally. D:Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. E:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense ceils designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.

Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer
Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency (免疫缺陷) virus (HIV), one of mankind’s most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body’s immune (免疫的) defenses, making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients’ bodies, according to the Observer.The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

A:A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the world’s leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration (FD to begin clinical gene therapy (治疗) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have "far wider applications". B:The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was "shocking" but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed. C:Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient’s body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics (遗传学) have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally. D:Unfortunately, the body’s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. E:The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense ceils designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients’ bodies.

阅读以下说明和Java代码，将应填入 (n) 处的字句写在对应栏内。
[说明]
在一公文处理系统中，开发者定义了一个公文类OfficeDoc，其中定义了公文具有的属性和处理公文的相应方法。当公文类的内容或状态发生变化时，关联此OfficeDoc类对象的相应的DocExplorer对象都要更新其自身的状态。一个OfficeDoc对象能够关联一组DocExplorer对象。当OfficeDoc对象的内容或状态发生变化时，所有与之相关联的DocExplorer对象都将得到通知，这种应用被称为观察者模式。以下代码写在一个Java源文件中，能够正确编译通过。
[Java代码]
//Subject.jav__件
public interface Subject
public void attach(Observer DocExplorer)；
public void detach(Observer DocExplorer)；
void notifyObservers（　）；
//Observer.Jav__件
public interface Obsever(
void update( (1) )；

//OfficeDoc.Jav__件
import Java.util.*；
public class OfficeDoc implements Subject//OfficeDoc类实现Subject接口
private Vector ObserverVector=new Java.util.Vector（　）；
//存储与OfficeDoc相关联的DocExplorer对象
public void attach(Obsever observer)
//将某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc相关联
ObserverVector.addElement(observer)；

public void detach(Observer observer)
//解除某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc的关联关系
ObsprverVector.removeElement(observer)；

public void notifyobserVers（　）
//当OfficeDoc对象状态已发生变化时，通知所有的DocExplorer对象
Enumeration enumeration= (2) ；
while(enumeration.hasMoreElements（　）)
((Observer)enumeration.nextElement（　）). (3) ；


public Enumeration Observers（　）
return ObserverVector.elements（　）；

//其他公文类的属性和方法省略
//DocExplorer.jav__件
public class DocExplorer implements (4)
public void update( (5) )
//更新DocExplorer自身的状态，代码省略
 

Subject subject(注：第二个subject可用其他标识符替换。)

阅读以下说明和Java代码，将应填入 (n) 处的字句写在对应栏内。
[说明]
在一公文处理系统中，开发者定义了一个公文类OfficeDoc，其中定义了公文具有的属性和处理公文的相应方法。当公文类的内容或状态发生变化时，关联此OfficeDoc类对象的相应的DocExplorer对象都要更新其自身的状态。一个OfficeDoc对象能够关联一组DocExplorer对象。当OfficeDoc对象的内容或状态发生变化时，所有与之相关联的DocExplorer对象都将得到通知，这种应用被称为观察者模式。以下代码写在一个Java源文件中，能够正确编译通过。
[Java代码]
//Subject.jav__件
public interface Subject
public void attach(Observer DocExplorer)；
public void detach(Observer DocExplorer)；
void notifyObservers（　）；
//Observer.Jav__件
public interface Obsever(
void update( (1) )；

//OfficeDoc.Jav__件
import Java.util.*；
public class OfficeDoc implements Subject//OfficeDoc类实现Subject接口
private Vector ObserverVector=new Java.util.Vector（　）；
//存储与OfficeDoc相关联的DocExplorer对象
public void attach(Obsever observer)
//将某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc相关联
ObserverVector.addElement(observer)；

public void detach(Observer observer)
//解除某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc的关联关系
ObsprverVector.removeElement(observer)；

public void notifyobserVers（　）
//当OfficeDoc对象状态已发生变化时，通知所有的DocExplorer对象
Enumeration enumeration= (2) ；
while(enumeration.hasMoreElements（　）)
((Observer)enumeration.nextElement（　）). (3) ；


public Enumeration Observers（　）
return ObserverVector.elements（　）；

//其他公文类的属性和方法省略
//DocExplorer.jav__件
public class DocExplorer implements (4)
public void update( (5) )
//更新DocExplorer自身的状态，代码省略
 

Observers()

阅读以下说明和Java代码，将应填入 (n) 处的字句写在对应栏内。
[说明]
在一公文处理系统中，开发者定义了一个公文类OfficeDoc，其中定义了公文具有的属性和处理公文的相应方法。当公文类的内容或状态发生变化时，关联此OfficeDoc类对象的相应的DocExplorer对象都要更新其自身的状态。一个OfficeDoc对象能够关联一组DocExplorer对象。当OfficeDoc对象的内容或状态发生变化时，所有与之相关联的DocExplorer对象都将得到通知，这种应用被称为观察者模式。以下代码写在一个Java源文件中，能够正确编译通过。
[Java代码]
//Subject.jav__件
public interface Subject
public void attach(Observer DocExplorer)；
public void detach(Observer DocExplorer)；
void notifyObservers（　）；
//Observer.Jav__件
public interface Obsever(
void update( (1) )；

//OfficeDoc.Jav__件
import Java.util.*；
public class OfficeDoc implements Subject//OfficeDoc类实现Subject接口
private Vector ObserverVector=new Java.util.Vector（　）；
//存储与OfficeDoc相关联的DocExplorer对象
public void attach(Obsever observer)
//将某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc相关联
ObserverVector.addElement(observer)；

public void detach(Observer observer)
//解除某DocExplorer对象与OfficeDoc的关联关系
ObsprverVector.removeElement(observer)；

public void notifyobserVers（　）
//当OfficeDoc对象状态已发生变化时，通知所有的DocExplorer对象
Enumeration enumeration= (2) ；
while(enumeration.hasMoreElements（　）)
((Observer)enumeration.nextElement（　）). (3) ；


public Enumeration Observers（　）
return ObserverVector.elements（　）；

//其他公文类的属性和方法省略
//DocExplorer.jav__件
public class DocExplorer implements (4)
public void update( (5) )
//更新DocExplorer自身的状态，代码省略
 

Subject subject(注：第二个subject可用其他标识符替换。)

图4—3所示为______设计模式，抽象了主体与Observer之间的耦合关系，对一个对象的修改能够在不知道其他对象标识的情况下通知这些对象。

A:Composite B:Observer C:State D:Visitor