Sleeplessness

    Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint¹ of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once² the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesn"t it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.³ How do you know?⁴

    If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If you"re not having night sweats then it"s time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider⁵. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list⁶ of insomnia for them； there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain.

    In up to⁷ 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in Americatook some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose⁸ and for the shortest possible time.

    Sleep hygiene⁹ is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are： 一 Go to bed only when sleepy. 一Do not wait up to a specified time. 一Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.

词汇：

insomnia /ɪn"sɒmnɪə/ n.失眠，失眠症

qualified /"kwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj.有资格的，胜任的，具备必要条件的

syndrome/"sɪndrəʊm/ n.综合病症，综合症状，

identify /aɪ"dentɪfaɪ/ vt.识别，鉴定

dose/dəʊs/ n.(药物等的)(一次)剂量，一剂，一服

hygiene/"haɪdʒiːn/ n.卫生，卫生学，保健学

recommendation /,rekəmen"deɪʃ(ə)n/ /n.劝告，建议；推荐

specify /"spesɪfaɪ/ vt.具体指定，明确说明

caffeine /"kæfiːn/ n.咖啡因，咖啡碱

complaint/kəm"pleint/ n.疾病；抱怨，诉苦

menopause/"menəpɔːz/ n.绝经，绝经期，更年期

refreshing/rɪ"freʃɪŋ/ adj.提神的，凉爽的，清凉的

chronic /"krɒnɪk/ adj.(疾病）慢性的

depression /dɪ"preʃ(ə)n/ 抑郁，沮丧，消沉

disorder /dɪs"ɔːdə/ n.（身，信机能的）紊乱，不适，病

注释：       

1.complaint:此处意为“疾病”。

2.once:—旦（引导时间状语从句）

3.If it doesn"t it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.如果正常的睡眠规律不能恢复，则可 能成为或已经成为慢性失眠了。If k doesn"t中的k指上一句提到的normal sleep pattern。

4. How do you know?是 How do you know if it may be or have become chronic insomnia?的省略。

5.a qualified health care provider：—个合格的保健工作者，这里泛指医生或健康咨询专家等。

6.second on the list:在名单上列第二，即从重要性来看位于第二。

7.up to:接近

8.in the lowest dose:用最小剂量

9.sleep hygiene:睡眠的卫生，指与睡眠有关的一系列健康习惯。

How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph?

A:Five B:Six C:Seven D:Numerous

“REDUCE SWING AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE”IS THE MEANING OF（）.

A:MIDSHIPS B:HARD-A-PORT C:STEADY D:STEADY AS SHE GOES

It is essential that these application（　）forms back as early as possible.

A:must be sent B:will be sent C:are sent D:be sent

It is essential that these application ______ forms back as early as possible.

A:must be sent B:will be sent C:are sent D:be sent

The United States is well known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time.Although these wide modem roads are generally (1) and well maintained, with few sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most (2) one. Large highways often pass (3) scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally (4) large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with heavy traffic during rush hours, (5) the" fast, direct" route becomes a very slow route.However,there is almost always another route to take if you are not in a hurry. Not far from the (6) new" superhighways", there are often older, (7) heavily traveled roads which go through the countrvside. (8) of these are good two-lane roads ; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high cliffs, or down frightening hillside to towns (9) in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places (10) the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.

A:terrible B:possible C:enjoyable D:profitable

It is essential that these application ______ forms back as early as possible.

A:must be sent B:will be sent C:are sent D:be sent

It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.

A:must be sent B:will be sent C:are sent D:be sent