What is logistics? In the current business environment,logistics is generally accepted as a very important element for the economic development and business growth of a region,especially a port city. In reality,what does logistics mean?In which way does it operate? For simple definition,logistics is a set of procedures in which commodity is delivered in an efficient manner from suppliers to customers.There are three key aspects to the concepts: 1．Movement of goods Goods can be considered as valuable objects,such as cargo and materials that are valua-ble and purchasable through commercial transactions and processes.Flow can be determined as methods in which goods are moved or transferred between locations,intermediaries and merchandisers.Modes of transportation include motor,rail,water,air and pipeline. 2.Direction of the flow of goods In the open market place,buyers and sellers represent two ends of a commercialtrans-action.Buyers are usually customers who demand the goods,while,as sellers are suppliers who provide such goods.When a transaction is agreed upon (sometimes payment is comple-ted,other times the payment is arranged to be completed at a later stage),the suppliers have the responsibility to arrange for the goods to be delivered to the customers. 3.Efficient management of the flow process The transportation of goods should bear low cost and ensure safety and punctuality.It should do its best to avoid wasting customers＇resources.Currently,the flow of goods is generally controlled by both hardware and software.By hardware,we mean logistics facili-ties and equipment,such as ports,warehouses and trucks,ships,railroad,cars and air-lines.By software,we mean information system,standardization and data sharing.Questions:

When a transaction is agreed upon,does every payment need to be completed?( )

A:Yes,completely. B:Not neccessary. C:Depen D:Completed based on whatever suppliers need．

Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1) how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2) .
Demand is (3) like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4) millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5) of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6) , some say that in 20 years the world will (7) 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8) are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9) , physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10) for the same resources.
We can wait (11) a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12) to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13) nations What role will renewables and (14) energies play What is the best way to protect our environment How do we accelerate our conservation efforts (15) actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16) to the next 50 years.
We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17) which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18) . Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19) surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20) the next era of energy.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.2（）

A:in B:off C:on D:upon

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (1) , every group has a culture, however un-developed or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture
(2) another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3) among the different languages.
People once (4) the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped
(5) of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6) it is possible that language (7) began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages (8) no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9) groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely
(10) , delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11) behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12) only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers’ social (13)
Even in this department, (14) , two things are to be noted: (1) All languages seem to (15) the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence (16) by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. (2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17) in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often (18) numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ( "this" and "that" ); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19) and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, (20) a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.3（）

A:to B:upon C:over D:off

Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1) how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2) .
Demand is (3) like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4) millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5) of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6) , some say that in 20 years the world will (7) 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8) are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9) , physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10) for the same resources.
We can wait (11) a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12) to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13) nations What role will renewables and (14) energies play What is the best way to protect our environment How do we accelerate our conservation efforts (15) actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16) to the next 50 years.
We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17) which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18) . Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19) surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20) the next era of energy.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.7（）

A:in B:off C:on D:upon

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this (1) , every group has a culture, however un-developed or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture
(2) another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic (3) among the different languages.
People once (4) the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped
(5) of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. (6) it is possible that language (7) began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages (8) no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of (9) groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely
(10) , delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They (11) behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, (12) only in their vocabularies, which reflect their speakers’ social (13)
Even in this department, (14) , two things are to be noted: (1) All languages seem to (15) the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence (16) by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. (2) The objects and activities requiring names and (17) in "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often (18) numerous and complicated. A Western languages distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ( "this" and "that" ); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker or to the person (19) and what is removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
This study of language, in turn, (20) a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank.

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, and D on ANSWER SHEET 1.2（）

A:to B:upon C:over D:off

Despite their many differences of temperament and of literary perspective, Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman share certain beliefs. Common to all these writers is their humanistic perspective. Its basic premises are that humans are the spiritual center of the universe and that in them alone is the clue to nature, history, and ultimately the cosmos itself. Without completely denying the existence either of a deity (the God) or of irrational matter, this perspective nevertheless rejects them as exclusive principles of interpretation and prefers to explain humans and the world in terms of humanity itself. This preference is expressed most clearly in the transcendentalist principle that the structure of the universe literally duplicates the structure of the individual self; therefore, all knowledge begins with self-knowledge.
This common perspective is almost always universalized. Its emphasis is not upon the individual as a particular European or American, but upon the human as universal, freed from the accidents of time, space, birth, and talent. Thus, for Emerson, the "American Scholar" turns out to be simply "Man Thinking"; while, for Whitman, the "Song of Myself" merges imperceptibly into a song of all the " children of Adam", where " every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. "
Also common to all five writers is the belief that individual virtue and happiness depend upon self-realization, which, in turn, depends upon the harmonious reconciliation of two universal psychological tendencies: first, the self-asserting impulse of the individual to withdraw, to remain unique and separate, and to be responsible only to himself or herself and second, the self-transcending impulse of the individual to embrace the whole world in the experience of a single moment and to know and become one with that world. These conflicting impulses can be seen in the democratic ethic. Democracy advocates individualism, the preservation of the individual’s freedom and self-expression. But the democratic self is torn between the duty to self, which is implied by the concept of liberty, and the duty to society, which is implied by the concepts of equality and fraternity.
A third assumption common to the five writers is that intuition and imagination offer a surer road to truth than does abstract logic or scientific method. It is illustrated by their emphasis upon introspection their belief that the clue to external nature is to be found in the inner world of individual psychology--and by their interpretation of experience as, in essence, symbolic. Both these stresses presume an organic relationship between the self and the cosmos, of which only intuition and imagination can properly take account. These writers’ faith in the imagination and in themselves as practitioners of imagination led them to conceive of the writer as a seer and enabled them to achieve supreme confidence in their own moral and metaphysical insights.
The author discusses the five writers mainly to explain some of their beliefs about

A:the relationship of humans to the external nature. B:the immense difficulties involved in self-realization. C:the emphasis upon the individual as an universal one. D:the human nature and its dependency on the world and universe.

Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of easy oil is over. What we all do next will (1) how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2) . Demand is (3) like never before. As populations grow and economies take (4) millions in the developing world are enjoying the (5) of a lifestyle that requires increasing amounts of energy. (6) , some say that in 20 years the world will (7) 40% more oil and gas fields are maturing. And new energy (8) are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (9) , physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand meets tighter supplies, the result is more (10) for the same resources. We can wait (11) a crisis forces us to do something. Or we can (12) to working together, and start by asking the tough questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of (13) nations What role will renewables and (14) energies play What is the best way to protect our environment How do we accelerate our conservation efforts (15) actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16) to the next 50 years. We believe that innovation, collaboration and conservation are the cornerstones (17) which to build this new world. We cannot do this (18) . Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution (19) surely as they are part of the problem. We call upon scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of industry and each one of you to be part of (20) the next era of energy.

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.20（）

A:in B:off C:on D:upon

It is often difficult for visitors to understand Americans’ lack of desire for privacy. They are not a nation of walled gardens and closed gates. Their yards normally run into one another without fences；they often visit one another’s homes without being invited or telephoning first; they leave their office doors open while they work.
Their lack of desire for privacy probably results from their history as a nation. America is a big country. There have never been walled cities in the United States, nor was there the need for Americans to protect themselves from neighboring states. During the early years, America had so few settlers that neighbors were very important; they were not to be shut out by doors and fences. Neighbors offered protection and helped in the hard work of settling the land. They depended upon each other.
From the nation’s early history has come the desire for openness rather than privacy. Visitors will notice this desire in a number of small ways; there may be rooms in American homes that do not have doors or that have glass walls. If you notice that people forget to close your door when they leave your room, do not think that this is rude, help them to learn that you would like it to be closed, or else become accustomed to new ways. In either case, be patient with the differences.
During the early years, people were never shut out by doors because ______.

A:they were neighbors B:they were friends C:they depended upon each other D:they got accustomed to that

When a child is ill in hospital, a parent’s first reaction is to be (51) them.
Most hospitals now allow parents to sleep. (52) with their child, providing a bed or so far on the ward.
But until the 1970s this (53) was not only frowned upon, it was actively discouraged. Staff worried that the children were (54) when their parents left, and so there was a blanket ban.
A concerned nurse, Pamela Hawthorn, disagreed and her study "Nurse! I want my mummy" published in 1974, (55) the face of paediatric nursing.
Martin Johnson, a professor of nursing at the University of Salford, said that the work of (56) like Pamela had changed the face of patient care.
"Pamela’s study was done against the (57) of a lively debate in paediatrics and psychology as to the degree women should spend with children in the outside world and the degree to which they should be allowed to visit children in (58) "
"The idea was that if mum came to (59) . a small child in hospital the child would be upset and inconsolable for hours. "
"Yet the nurse noticed that if mum did not come at (60) the child stayed in a relatively stable state but they might be depressed. "
"Of course we know now that they had almost given up hope (61) mum was eve coining back. "
"To avoid a little bit of pain they said that no one should visit."
"But children were alone and depressed so Hawthorn said parents should be (62) to visit."
"Dr Peter Carter, chief executive and general secretary of the Royal College of Nursing, said her (63) had been seminal. "
"Her research put an end to the (64) when parents handed their children over to strangers at the door of the hospital ward. "
"As a result of her work, parents and careers are now recognized as partners and are afforded the opportunity to stay with their children whilst they are in hospital, (65) has dramatically improved both parents’ and children’s experience of care. /

A:with B:over C:upon D:for

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

A:with B:over C:upon D:for