What is logistics? In the current business environment,logistics is generally accepted as a very important element for the economic development and business growth of a region,especially a port city. In reality,what does logistics mean?In which way does it operate? For simple definition,logistics is a set of procedures in which commodity is delivered in an efficient manner from suppliers to customers.There are three key aspects to the concepts: 1．Movement of goods Goods can be considered as valuable objects,such as cargo and materials that are valua-ble and purchasable through commercial transactions and processes.Flow can be determined as methods in which goods are moved or transferred between locations,intermediaries and merchandisers.Modes of transportation include motor,rail,water,air and pipeline. 2.Direction of the flow of goods In the open market place,buyers and sellers represent two ends of a commercialtrans-action.Buyers are usually customers who demand the goods,while,as sellers are suppliers who provide such goods.When a transaction is agreed upon (sometimes payment is comple-ted,other times the payment is arranged to be completed at a later stage),the suppliers have the responsibility to arrange for the goods to be delivered to the customers. 3.Efficient management of the flow process The transportation of goods should bear low cost and ensure safety and punctuality.It should do its best to avoid wasting customers＇resources.Currently,the flow of goods is generally controlled by both hardware and software.By hardware,we mean logistics facili-ties and equipment,such as ports,warehouses and trucks,ships,railroad,cars and air-lines.By software,we mean information system,standardization and data sharing.Questions:

When a transaction is agreed upon,does every payment need to be completed?( )

A:Yes,completely. B:Not neccessary. C:Depen D:Completed based on whatever suppliers need．

Text 4
Do animals have fights This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground - clearing way to start. Actually, it isn’ t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have fights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It defiles tights not only to animals but also to some people--for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations, In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to some body who says" I don’ t like this contract"
The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all
Many deny it. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake--a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning--the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl--is to weigh others’ interests against one’ s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is man kind’ s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

According to the passage, the discussion on the rights of animals（）

A:is useful and ground- clearing B:should be based upon an agreed account of human rights C:is easy to carry on D:should be the same as that of human rights

"Intelligence" at best is an assumptive construct--the meaning of the word has never been clear. It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas (1) , make distinctions, reason logically, and (2) verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s (3) for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not (4) character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not (5) to--it was not designed for such (6) . To criticize it for such failure is roughly (7) criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.
The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of the (8) is essentially a comparative affair.
(9) the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the (10) with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" and " (11) " comparison. It is here (12) some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test (13) involves at least three factors: the (14) to do one’s best, the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do, and the (15) ability to do it. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable, and the value of intelligence testing has been (16) thoroughly. Its value (17) , of course, in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is (18) interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can (19) from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age in (20) which we think require "general intelligence".

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A] , [B] , [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET I.16（）

A:suffered B:agreed C:provided D:proved

When people talk about the digital divide, they usually mean the (1) between people who are benefiting from the information revolution, and those who through lack of (2) or money are (3) out. But at a United Nations conference in Brazil that concluded on April 19th, a different (though related) sort of divide was on (4) , and ten days’ chatter by over 100 countries failed to (5) it.
If there was one thing on which almost everybody agreed, it was that criminals are (6) computer technology much faster (7) most governments are learning to foil them. Rich countries say they are (8) by fraudsters, pornographers and hackers operating (9) poor places where they will never be caught—because their " (10) " governments can’t or won’t stop them.
One response is the Budapest Convention, an agreement (11) at the Council of Europe in 2001, and ratified by the United States in 2006. One of its (12) is to let authorities in one country give (13) , at least electronically, to criminals in another.
But Russia has (14) the principle of " transborder access", especially since 2000, when American agents hacked (15) the computers of two Russians who were (16) American banks. (17) , Russia is backing a UN treaty which would be respectful of borders while also giving police more powers to shut down websites (18) in "propaganda. " Many countries like that idea—but not enough to push it (19) . For now, the only (20) are the criminals.

14（）

A:supported B:opposed C:agreed D:objected

On the anniversary of the artist’s birth, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers was (21) for just under ￡25 million at the fine art auctioneers (拍卖商), Christie’s, in London. The (22) was triple the previous record of ￡8 million paid in 1985 for Mantegna’s Adoration of the Magi. At least ten bidders (23) for the painting, half (24) telephone, anonymously battling it out in leaps of ￡500,000. Van Gogh wrote in a letter of 1889 that one of these Scots or Americans (25) to pay 500 francs—about ￡25 at that time—for (26) a painting.
Christie’s chairman (27) reporters after the sale, "it’s a rare picture." A spokesman for the firm added, "It’s fantastic." Not (28) who was at the auction agreed. One commented, "More money (29) sense."
Many people do (30) uneasy that a picture could be auctioned for such an unbelievable sum. They find distasteful the contrast (31) this sort of money and the impoverished life of the painter (32) . Van Gogh, once a lay preacher among the miners of Belgium, was more (33) in producing work that dignified labor than he was in selling for a profit. Depressive, poor, unrecognized and (34) suicidal, he remains a romantic figure in the public (35) .

27（　）

A:said  B:spoke  C:told  D:agreed

On the anniversary of the artist’s birth, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers was (21) for just under ￡ 25 million at the fine art auctioneers(拍卖), Christie’s, in London. The (22) was triple the previous record of ￡ 8 million paid in 1985 for Mantegna’s Adoration of the Magi. At least ten bidders (23) for the painting, half (24) telephone, anonymously battling it out in leaps of ￡ 500,000. Van Gogh wrote in a letter of 1889 that one of these Scots or Americans (25) to pay 500 francs--about ￡ 25 at that time-- for (26) a painting.
Christie’s chairman (27) reporters after the sale, "it’s a rare picture." A spokesman for the firm added, "It’s fantastic." Not (28) who was at the auction agreed. One commented, "More money (29) sense."
Many people do (30) uneasy that a picture could be auctioned for such an unbelievable sum. They find distasteful the contrast (31) this sort of money and the impoverished life of the painter (32) Van Gogh, once a lay preacher among the miners of Belgium, was more (33) in producing work that dignified labor than he was in selling for a profit. Depressive, poor, unrecognized and (34) suicidal, he remains a romantic figure in the public (35) .

A:said B:spoke C:told D:agreed

On the anniversary of the artist’s birth, Van Gogh’s Sunflowers was (21) for just under ￡ 25 million at the fine art auctioneers(拍卖), Christie’s, in London. The (22) was triple the previous record of ￡ 8 million paid in 1985 for Mantegna’s Adoration of the Magi. At least ten bidders (23) for the painting, half (24) telephone, anonymously battling it out in leaps of ￡ 500,000. Van Gogh wrote in a letter of 1889 that one of these Scots or Americans (25) to pay 500 francs--about ￡ 25 at that time-- for (26) a painting.
Christie’s chairman (27) reporters after the sale, "it’s a rare picture." A spokesman for the firm added, "It’s fantastic." Not (28) who was at the auction agreed. One commented, "More money (29) sense."
Many people do (30) uneasy that a picture could be auctioned for such an unbelievable sum. They find distasteful the contrast (31) this sort of money and the impoverished life of the painter (32) Van Gogh, once a lay preacher among the miners of Belgium, was more (33) in producing work that dignified labor than he was in selling for a profit. Depressive, poor, unrecognized and (34) suicidal, he remains a romantic figure in the public (35) .

27（）

A:said B:spoke C:told D:agreed

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

27（）

A:said B:spoke C:told D:agreed

She agreed without the slightest（　）

A:hesitation   B:thinking C:look      D:hope

The contract contains basically all we have ( ) during our negotiations.

A:agreed upon B:agreed with C:agreed in D:agreed