民航安全检查员初级理论知识试卷（五）
民航安全检查员初级理论知识试卷（五）
Importance of Services
The United Stateshas moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the world’s first service economy 1. Almost three-fourths of the nonfarm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nation’s gross national product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recession than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods 2.
During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in theUnited States—far more than inJapanandWestern Europecombined. About 90 percent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span, some 22 million women joined the labor force—and 97 percent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986-2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 percent of them will be in service industries.
Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low-paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists 3, business and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation ofAmerica"s middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of 4 low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 percent of theU. S.labor force today: Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been “professional, technical, and related work.” These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service industries.
About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 5 indicate that services will attract an even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years.
When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures 6, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications 7, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services.
词汇
gross national product 国民生产总值，略作
GNP tangible goods 有形商品
drawback [ˈdrɔ:bæk] n.缺点 不利条件 退款 退税;
understated [ˌʌndəˈsteɪtɪd] vi.没有充分表达实情地陈述，打折扣地报道
注释：
1.TheUnited Stateshas moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the world’s first service economy. 美国已经跨越了工业经济的阶段，成为世界上第一个服务型经济的国家。
5.projections to the year 2000…：……到2000年的规划……
6.account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures…：……占了将近一半的消费开支……close to的意思是“接近……”。例如：We have a parking lot close to our street.在街道附近我们有一个停车场。
7.by all indications…：根据所有的迹象来看……
Many economists,business and labor leaders and politicians believe that——．
A:most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobs B:most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobs C:manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are no longer attractive D:most of the fast growth in the service sector is in high-paying jobs
Year after year a dedicated Swedish chemist worked to find a substance which, when (1) nitroglyoerine (__油), would make explosives safer to handle (2) weakening their force. He had a personal (3) scientific reason to pursue his search, because his (4) brother had been killed when a can of nitroglycerine (5) exploded. The oily liquid had been (6) for so many disasters that its (7) had finally been outlawed by many countries.
While (8) a new formula one morning, the doctor broke a test tube and gashed (划开) his finger. He was daubing (涂搽) the (9) with collodion (火棉胶), a coating solution of gun -cotton dissolved in ether- alcohol (乙醚), (10) the idea struck him - mix collodion with the nitroglycerine! (11) . was the answer. The new mixture, (12) blasting gelatine (爆胶), was not only (13) safe to handle as dynamite, but it was also one - and - a - half times more powerful! In fact, so powerful (14) that it paved the way for a whole new (15) in construction and engineering. Mines were (16) , roads were built, and canals were cut at a speed once (17) impossible. It had another use, also - death and destruction in warfare. Its inventor had believed that the power of his new (18) would so awe the military mind that it would actually be a deterrent to war. (19) it became a weapon that brought death to millions of soldiers and (20) .
A:was the new explosive B:the new explosive was C:was new explosive D:new explosive was
The "explosive conflict" in the first paragraph refers to
A:salmon's return to British Columbia's rivers to spawn. B:the fisheries committee of Canada's House of Commons and Bryan Williams. C:the struggle between sockeye salmon and human beings. D:the collision between salmon's survival and human fishery.
Rocket fuels are more explosive than methane gas because of ______.
A:the temperature at which combustion takes place B:the degree of oxidation accomplished bp the combustion process C:the location of the combustion D:the greater burning velocity
Passage Two
Among the question of design, construction, and operation remaining to be solved before commercial airliners travel faster than sound is the difficult problem of sonic boom (声震) , the explosive sound generated when an object moves through the air at supersonic speed(超音速).
A sound is a pressure disturbance: a sonic boom, like other explosive sounds, is the result of an abrupt change in pressure. An airplane in subsonic flight produces weak changed in pressure, but because these disturbances travel at the speed of sound, they move faster than the airplane and stay in front of it. In effect, these disturbances warn the air to get out of the way, and the an does just jet, however, gets ahead of its own pressure disturbances. Consequently a wave of suddenly com pressed air--a shock wave--builds up and is thrown off like the wave ;hat spreads from the bow of a speedboat.
Can sonic booms be eliminated The answer is a categorical negative--they are an innerent(内在的) part of supersonic flight--but the sonic boom probably can be reduced; government and private research is now under way to improve understanding of the sonic boom. If and when the booms can be reduced to tolerable levels, commercial supersonic transports can come rata service.
A:explosive B:caused by compressed tar C:a pressure disturbance D:shock wave
A salesman has to be ______ if he wants to succeed.
A:expensive B:cheap C:explosive D:aggressive
Passage Two Among the question of design, construction, and operation remaining to be solved before commercial airliners travel faster than sound is the difficult problem of sonic boom (声震) , the explosive sound generated when an object moves through the air at supersonic speed(超音速). A sound is a pressure disturbance: a sonic boom, like other explosive sounds, is the result of an abrupt change in pressure. An airplane in subsonic flight produces weak changed in pressure, but because these disturbances travel at the speed of sound, they move faster than the airplane and stay in front of it. In effect, these disturbances warn the air to get out of the way, and the an does just jet, however, gets ahead of its own pressure disturbances. Consequently a wave of suddenly com pressed air--a shock wave--builds up and is thrown off like the wave ;hat spreads from the bow of a speedboat. Can sonic booms be eliminated The answer is a categorical negative--they are an innerent(内在的) part of supersonic flight--but the sonic boom probably can be reduced; government and private research is now under way to improve understanding of the sonic boom. If and when the booms can be reduced to tolerable levels, commercial supersonic transports can come rata service.
A sonic boom is like every sound in that it is （）A:explosive B:caused by compressed tar C:a pressure disturbance D:shock wave
商品运输包装上的“explosive”属于（）。
A:警告性标志 B:指示性标志 C:唛头 D:危险性标志
It is forbiddent carry any kind of weapons ,ammunitions,aggress ivetools and inflammable ,explosive ,corrosive poisonous articles on the plane 任何武器弹药，攻击性的器械一级易燃，易爆，腐蚀性的放射性的，有毒的物品 都严禁带上飞机。
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