The National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings ofBritain. It is charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public ¹. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

    The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4, 500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust"s “Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses ². Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.

    In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills ³, nature reserves ⁴, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.

    So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

词汇：

preservation /prizə"veiʃən/ n．维护，保留

unspoiled /ʌn"spɔild/ adj．没有毁坏的

charity /"tʃæriti/ n．慈善团体

acre/"eikə/ n．英亩

castle /"ka: sl/ n．城堡

accessible /ək"sesibl/ adj．可以到达的，可以得到的

注释：

1．It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.它是个慈善机构，靠公众中的会员自愿支持它才得以生存。depend on someone for something：在某事上依靠某人。又如：We depend on John for news supplies．在消息来源方面我们依靠约翰。原句中由于depend on的宾语voluntary support from members of the public较长，因此，将for its existence提前。这种现象本文中还有另外两处。第一句中的for public enjoyment和第二段倒数第二句中的accessible to the public都分别被提前。

2．…the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. ……托管委员会拯救了大约150座这样的老房子，并使大众能参观这些老房子。make something accessible to someone：使某人能接触（或使用）某物。又如：The school has decided to make sports facilities more readily accessible to students．学校决定让学生能更方便地使用体育设施。

3．wind and water mills：靠风力和水流驱动的磨坊

4．nature reserves：自然保护区

British people"s dependence on the National Trust to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest has been increasing.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Spacing in Animals ¹ Flight Distance

    Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees. “Flight distance ²” is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance ³—the larger the animal, the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy. An antelope ⁴ will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards away. The wall lizard ⁵’s flight distance, on the other hand is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.

    Critical Distance

    Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction. “Critical distance” includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance ⁶. A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome. If the man continues the approach, he soon penetrates the lion"s critical distance, at which point the cornered lion reverses direction ⁷ and begins slowly to stalk the man.

    Social Distance

    Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies. Social distance is not simply the distance at which an animal will lose contact with his group—that is, the distance at which it can no longer see, hear, or smell the group—it is rather a psychological distance, one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits. We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group ⁸.

    Social distance varies from species to species. It is quite short—apparently only a few yards—among some animals, and quite long among others.

    Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation. When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother"s voice, social distance may be the length of her reach ⁹. This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo. When the baby approaches a certain point, the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger, social distance shrinks. To show this in man, one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street.

词汇：

observant[əbˈzɜ:vənt] adj.观察力敏锐的;

barrier["bærɪə(r)] n.障碍物

potential[pəˈtenʃl] adj.潜在的

contact["kɒntækt] n.接触；联系

survival[səˈvaɪvl] n.逃生，幸免;

fatal["feɪtl] adj.致命的

mobile["məʊbaɪl] adj.可动的，活动的;

rigidly["rɪdʒɪdlɪ] adv.刻板的；死板的

approach[ə"prəʊtʃ] v朝……走近

baboon[bəˈbu:n] n.狒狒;

注释:

1.spacing in animals :动物的间隔距离

2．flight distance:逃离距离

3．．，．there is a positive relationship between the size of an animal and its flight distance.……动物体积与其逃离距离之间成正比关系。

4．antelope:羚羊

5．wall lizard:壁虎

6.“Critical distance"  includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.关键距离指逃离距离和进攻距离之间的狭窄区域。

7．reverse direction:调转方向。

8．a hidden band that contains the group:-条控制群体的隐形带

Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance?

A:Distance between animals of the same species before fleeing. B:Distance between large and small animals before fleeing. C:Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing. D:Distance between certain animal species before fleeing.

A flight from one country to another country is calleda（）.

A:domestic flight B:international flight C:global flight D:countries flight

IFE（in-flight entertainment）是指（）。

A:机上杂志 B:机上出口区域 C:机上娱乐系统 D:机上服务组件

If someone ask for your flight nember,you will answer as ( ).

A:Internationalflight B:Domestic flight C:Beijing flight D:CZ367

国际航班的英文是 ( )flight

A:domestic B:diplomat C:international D:destination

翻译“ domestic flight ”( )

A:国内航班 B:国际航班 C:航线 D:机场费

International flight 中文意思

A:旅游文件 B:管理 C:航空公司柜台 D:国际航班