Many Benefit from Cancer Organization

    1. Do you know a child who survived leukemia? Do you have a mother, sister or aunt whose breast cancer was found early thanks to a mammogram? Do you have a friend or coworker who quit smoking to reduce their risk of lung cancer? Each of these individuals benefited from the American Cancer Society’s research program.

    2. Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure.¹ The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.²

    3. As the largest source of nonprofit cancer research funds in the United States, the American Cancer Society devotes over $100 million each year to research. Since 1946，they’ve invested more than $2.4 billion in research. The investment has paid rich dividends³ ：In 1946，only one in four cancer patients was alive five years after diagnosis; today 60 percent live longer than five years.

    4. Investigators and health professionals in universities, research institutes and hospitals throughout the country receive grants from the American Cancer Society. Of the more than 1,300 new applications received each year, only 11 percent can be funded. If the American Cancer Society had more money available for research funding, nearly 200 more applications considered outstanding could be funded each year:

    5. You can help fund more of these applications by participating in the American Cancer Society Relay for Life, a team event to fight cancer. More funding means more cancer breakthroughs and more lives being saved. To learn more, call Donna Hood, chair with the Neosho Relay for Life of the American Cancer Society at 451–4880.

词汇：

leukemia /lʊ"kimɪə/ n.白血病

breast /brest/ n.乳房;乳腺

mammogram /"mæməgræm/ n.乳腺X光照片

relay /"riːleɪ/ n.接力

nonprofit /,nɑn"prɑfɪt/ adj.非营利的

dividend /"dɪvɪdend/ n.回报,效益

coworker /"kəu,wə:kə/n. 一起工作的人,同事

注释：

1.Each day scientists supported by the American Cancer Society work to find breakthroughs that will take us one step closer to a cure.每天,得到美国癌症协会资助的科学家们都在为更进一步接近有效疗法而不停地工作。

2.The American Cancer Society has long recognized that research holds the ultimate answers to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.美国癌症协会很久以来便认识到,预防、诊断与治疗癌症的最终答案取决于科研。

B many cancer patients

C more lives being saved

D more than five years

E the ultimate answers

The American Cancer Society’s research program has benefited __________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

I’ll Be Bach

    Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years to develop the software. Now most people can’t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-like compositions from Cope’s computer.

    It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first this music was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music. He realized that composers，brains work like big databases. First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take out the music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left. According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.

    Cope built a huge database of existing music. He began with hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns. Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They weren’t good, but it was a start.

    Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyzemore complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work, to the database.

    A few years later，Cope’s computer program, called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer’s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success! Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.

    Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn’tlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!

词汇：

original/əˈrɪdʒənəl / adj．有独创性的

collaboration/ kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən / n．合作

review/rɪ"vju:/ n．评论

feedback/"fi:dbæk / n．反馈

注释

J.S. Bach约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫（德语：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日一1750年7月28日），巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方‘现代音乐’之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。

What did cope realize about a great composer’s brain?

A:It forms new musical patterns allby itself B:It writes a computer program C:It can recognize any music patterns D:It creates an accurate database

Life as a Movie Extra

    Ordinary people have always been attracted to the world of movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to this world is to become a movie extra. Although you have seen movie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while "the bad guy" is being chased by the police. Extras don"t normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real. ¹

    Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don"t forget that being an extra is really a job, and it"s mostly about doing nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take a whole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a few minutes on the screen.

    The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m. , and then you wait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says "action" and you do the first "take", you may have to do it again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again. You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather. ²You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isn"t good, either often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.

    So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available, ³ They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesn"t happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts.

    The next time you see a movie, don"t just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself: Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life?Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you.

词汇：

movie extra   群众演员            

chase [tʃeɪs]   vt．追捕            

shoot [ʃu:t]  vt． 拍摄

action ["ækʃn]  n． （导演指令）开拍     

commission [kə"mɪʃn]  n． 佣金

注释：

1.Extras don’t normally speak any lines，but tlley help make me seenes look real．：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存在使整个场景更加逼真。

2.You could be on me set for hours，sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weatller．：在拍摄现场，你可能一演就是几个小时，有时还要一直待在很热或很冷的环境中。on the set：在拍摄现场。

3.Most of them have flexible schedules，which allow them to be available．：这些人中大部分都是时间比较灵活的人，这样他们就能腾出时间来演戏。

What might surprise movie extras the first time they do the job?

A:It can take hours to do a scene that is only a few minutes long in the movie B:They always do the same scene many times C:The actors are interested in talking to them D:The action moves very quickly

Programmers test a program by running it to ensure that the (74) are correct and that the program produces the desired outcome. If errors do occur, the programmer must make the appropriate change and recheck the program until it produces the correct results. This (75) is called testing and debugging.

A:procedure B:program C:programmer D:process

Programmers test a program by running it to ensure that the (74) are correct and that the program produces the desired outcome. If errors do occur, the programmer must make the appropriate change and recheck the program until it produces the correct results. This (75) is called testing and debugging.

A:procedure B:program C:programmer D:process

The（）tells the computer what to do．

A:disk B:memory C:program D:data

Programmers test a program by running it to ensure that the (74) are correct and that the program produces the desired outcome. If errors do occur, the programmer must make the appropriate change and recheck the program until it produces the correct results. This (75) is called testing and debugging.

A:procedure B:program C:programmer D:process