患者女，67岁，因“COPD恶化和肺炎”住院。期间行气管内插管机械通气。虽然临床症状好转，但试图停止机械通气时不成功。住院期间行气管造口术15d。现医师希望行非侵入性通气。血氧计监测血氧饱和度（SpO），红外线二氧化碳监测仪连接到通气装置监测终末潮气二氧化碳分压（PETCO）。第15天实验室检查：pH7.41~7.45，FiO0.40，HCO32~36mmol/L，COHb1.5%~1.8%，PaCO56~63mmHg，高铁血红蛋白（MetHb）0.8~1.0，PaO70~88mmHg，Hb132~134g/L，SaO90%~93%。

第16天，SpO89%~92%，PETCO35~40mmHg。PaCO和PETCO不同的最大原因可能是

A:通气回路间断漏气 B:高FIO导致PETCO稀释 C:患有肺部疾病 D:两个值之间的正常差别 E:二氧化碳监测仪出现差错 F:通气过度

Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off¹ in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch². But he is in a nasty surprise³. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine   1  , he will not be able to start it again.

For now, such devices    2   only available for fleets of trucks⁴ and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars⁵, and    3   be available to ordinary cars in the UK    4    two months.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates⁶    5    miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS⁷ satellite positioning receiver.    6   the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine    7    restarted.

There are even plans for immobilizers    8   shut down vehicles on the moves⁸, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.

In the UK, an array of⁹ technical fixes¹⁰ is already making    9   harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed.” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire¹¹ that is funded in part    10   the motor insurance industry.

He says it would only take him a few minutes to    11   a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools¹². But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are a far tougher proposition¹³, as their engine management computer will not

  12   them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out¹⁴ by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this    13   achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime¹⁵ since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.

Remote-controlled immobilization system would   14   a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the   15   expects.

词汇：    

immobilizer n．使车辆不能调动的装置
cellphone n．移动电话，手机
ignition / ɪɡˈnɪʃən / n．点火
trickle / "trɪkl / v．慢慢移动
immobilization / ɪˌməʊbəlaɪ"zeɪʃn / n．使车辆不能调动
burglary / "bɜ:ɡlərɪ / n．夜窃行为；盗窃

注释：

1. speed off：超速驾驶

2. catch：捕获物，猎获物

3. nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的；烦人的

4. fleets of trucks：卡车队。 Fleet：a group of vessels or vehicles owned or operated as a unit车队

5. trickle down to ordinary cars：慢慢地用到普通汽车上。 trickle：to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit慢慢地或一点一点地移动或前进

6. incorporate：to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole混合，合并到某一整体中

7. GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统

8. vehicles on the move：在行驶中的车辆

9. an array of：一群；一批

10. technical fixes：技术装置

11. Berkshire：a county of south-central England贝克郡，位于英格兰中南部

12. a bare minimum of tools：极少的工具。 bare：just sufficient；mere刚刚充足的；仅仅

13. Modern cars are a far tougher proposition：现代车远没有这么简单（偷盗现代车要困难得多 )。Proposition：a matter to be dealt with；a task任务，要处理的事务。

14. beam out：to emit or transmit发送，传送

15. drop in vehicle-related crime：涉及车辆犯罪案的下降。 drop：decrease下降

空15

A:lawyer B:doctor C:customer D:specialist

Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

If you cannot see, you may not be able to¹ find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that²    1   directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.

Sound Alert, a company   2   the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for   3   people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.   4  produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the    5    is coming from.

Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be

    6   by humans. “It is a burst of white noise    7   people say sounds like static on the radio,” she says. “Its life-saving potential is great.”

She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of³ a large   8   room. It    9   them nearly four minutes to find the door  10      a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.

Withington studies how the brain    11   sounds at the university. She says that the   12   of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms

  13   the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.

The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up

  14   down stairs. They were   15   with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.

词汇：

directional / dɪˈrɛkʃənəl, daɪ- / adj．定向的
exit / ˈɛɡzɪt, ˈɛksɪt / n．出口
install / ɪnˈstɔl / v．安装
residential / ˌrezɪˈdenʃl / adj．居住的
static / "stætɪk / n．静电噪声
potential / pəˈtɛnʃəl / n．潜力
thermal-imaging热效应成像
pinpoint / "pɪnpɔɪnt / v．精确地确定
concept / "kɒnsept / n．概念，观念
emergency / ɪ"mɜ:dʒənsɪ / n．紧急情况

grant /ɡrɑ:nt / n．授予物，准许

注释：

1.在谓语动词中，不能并列使用两个情态动词，如 may和 can就不能并列使用。如果由于表达需要，要同时用“可能”和“能够”，就得说（写）成 may be able to。 I may be may be able to come tomorrow, but 1 cannot promise. 我可能明天来，但我不可能作出承诺。

2. that指第一句所表达的意思。

3. … find their way out of…：意为“找到从……出去的路”。

空15

A:developed B:determined C:discovered D:delivered

School Lunch

Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat (1) ______ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to (2) ______ meals at lunchtime. Children can (3) ______ to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking (4) ______ of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict (5) ______ for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one (6) ______ of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta.

Lunchboxes (7) ______ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children (8) ______ twice as much sugar as¹ they should at lunchtime. The research will provide a better (9) ______ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has (10) ______ in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot (11) ______ parents, but it can remind them of the² (12) ______ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children"s diet can (13) ______ their future health.

Children can easily develop bad eating (14) ______ at this age, and parents are the only ones who can (15) ______ it.词汇：

canteen / kaen"ti:n / n.食堂，小卖部

tarchy  / "stɑ:tʃi / adj. (食物)含有大量淀粉的

注释：

1. ... twice as much sugar as ... ：……2倍的糖分……

2. it can remind them of the ... ：提醒他们关于……

空15

A:prevent   B:define   C:decide D:delay

Teaching and Learning

    Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with¹ the student. If a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect student to be familiar with the (1) ______ in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The (2) ______ student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of² (3) ______, not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned (4) ______ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is (5) ______ for learning the material assigned. When research is (6) ______, the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with (7) ______ guidance. It is the student’s responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain (8) ______ a university library works; they expect students (9) ______ graduate students to exhaust the (10) ______ in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but (11) ______ that their students should not be (12) ______ dependent on them. In the United Statesprofessors have many other duties (13) ______ teaching, such as administrative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is (14) ______. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either (15) ______ a professor during office hours³ or make an appointment.

词汇：

assignment /ə"sainmənt/ n．任务，作业

motivate /"məutiveit/ v．刺激，激发……的积极性

exhaust /ig"zɔ:st/ v．耗尽，使筋疲力尽；彻底讨论

administrative /əd"ministrətiv/adj．管理的，行政的

appointment /ə"pɔintmənt/ n．约定，约会

注释：

1.    …lie with…：……是……的责任

2.    ....for the sake of learning…：……为了学习……

3.    …approach a professor during office hours…：……在办公时间见老师……

空15

A:greet  B:annoy C:approach D:attach

A Life with Birds