某男性患者，66岁，因口腔修复体无法使用前来就诊。临床检查：口腔内铸造金属桥不良修复体，冠固位体完全不密合，修复体有松动，基牙可探及有龋坏。口内上颌，下颌天然牙存留，牙冠牙体形态尚正常，均叩（-），松（-），咬合空间正常。口腔卫生较差，部分天然牙体探及龈下牙石。拆除口内不良修复体后，发现口内缺失，牙冠缺损，牙体龋坏明显，均叩（-），松（-）；残根，松动Ⅰ度，松动Ⅰ～Ⅱ度，根面腐质多；残根于龈上约2mm，叩（-），松（-）；口内可见部分残根区牙龈充血明显，有较多牙结石。患者身体健康，无心脏病、高血压等病史。

X线检查发现残根均较短小，根管较细小；根长度较长，且根管直径正常；上颌牙体破坏，龋坏及髓腔，根尖周影像正常，根管影清晰。结合临床检查结果，确定需要拔除的牙齿为

A: B: C: D: E: F: G:

Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off¹ in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch². But he is in a nasty surprise³. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine   1  , he will not be able to start it again.

For now, such devices    2   only available for fleets of trucks⁴ and specialist vehicles used on construction sites. But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars⁵, and    3   be available to ordinary cars in the UK    4    two months.

The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car incorporates⁶    5    miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS⁷ satellite positioning receiver.    6   the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine    7    restarted.

There are even plans for immobilizers    8   shut down vehicles on the moves⁸, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.

In the UK, an array of⁹ technical fixes¹⁰ is already making    9   harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicles crime has changed.” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire¹¹ that is funded in part    10   the motor insurance industry.

He says it would only take him a few minutes to    11   a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools¹². But only if the car is more than 10 years old.

Modern cars are a far tougher proposition¹³, as their engine management computer will not

  12   them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out¹⁴ by the ignition key. In the UK, technologies like this    13   achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime¹⁵ since 1997.

But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars. Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary. In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.

Remote-controlled immobilization system would   14   a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless. A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the   15   expects.

词汇：    

immobilizer n．使车辆不能调动的装置
cellphone n．移动电话，手机
ignition / ɪɡˈnɪʃən / n．点火
trickle / "trɪkl / v．慢慢移动
immobilization / ɪˌməʊbəlaɪ"zeɪʃn / n．使车辆不能调动
burglary / "bɜ:ɡlərɪ / n．夜窃行为；盗窃

注释：

1. speed off：超速驾驶

2. catch：捕获物，猎获物

3. nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的；烦人的

4. fleets of trucks：卡车队。 Fleet：a group of vessels or vehicles owned or operated as a unit车队

5. trickle down to ordinary cars：慢慢地用到普通汽车上。 trickle：to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit慢慢地或一点一点地移动或前进

6. incorporate：to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole混合，合并到某一整体中

7. GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统

8. vehicles on the move：在行驶中的车辆

9. an array of：一群；一批

10. technical fixes：技术装置

11. Berkshire：a county of south-central England贝克郡，位于英格兰中南部

12. a bare minimum of tools：极少的工具。 bare：just sufficient；mere刚刚充足的；仅仅

13. Modern cars are a far tougher proposition：现代车远没有这么简单（偷盗现代车要困难得多 )。Proposition：a matter to be dealt with；a task任务，要处理的事务。

14. beam out：to emit or transmit发送，传送

15. drop in vehicle-related crime：涉及车辆犯罪案的下降。 drop：decrease下降

空8

A:whose B:who C:that D:when

Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures

　　The vultures in question¹ may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp____1____ in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than² celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental____2____. The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the____3____. It is also causing serious public health problems____4____ the Indian sub-continent.³
　　While⁴ their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have____5____ played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It is____6____ they feed on dead cows. InIndia, cows are sacred animals and are____7____ left in the open⁵ when they die in their thousands upon thousands⁶ every year.
　　The disappearance of the vultures has____8____ an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may____9____ as a result⁷. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the____10____.
　　The need for action is____11____, so an emergency project has been launched to____12____ a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.
　　Large-scale vulture____13____ were first noticed at the end of the 1980s inIndia. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined____14____ over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”⁸. As most vultures lay only single eggs and____15____ about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.

词汇：

vulture / ˈvʌltʃə / n．秃鹰
species / "spi:ʃi:z / n．物种，种类
disruption / dɪs"rʌpʃn / n．破坏，毁坏
rabies / "reɪbi:z / n．狂犬症
ultimately / ˈʌltɪmətli / adv．最终地
endanger / ɪn"deɪndʒə / v．危及，濒危
maturity / mə"tʃʊərətɪ / n．成熟期

注释：

1. The vulture in question: 讨论中的秀鹰（问题)。in question 意为“讨论中的，考虑中的”。

2. rather than：而不是。例:Your proposal is positive rather than negative. (你的提议是积极的，而不是消极的。）

3. the Indian sub-continent: 印度次大陆

4. while: 虽然。例:While he has published many papers, he is modest. (虽然他发表了多篇论文，他还是很谦虚。）

5. thousands upon thousands:成千上万的

6. in the open:在户外，在野外

7. as a result:结果

8. listed as “critically endangered”：被列为极度濒危动物

空8

A:came from B:adjusted to C:resulted from D:led to

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk

    Fast food outlets could¹ provide statin drugs free of     1     so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London²     2      in a new

study．

    Statins reduce the      3      of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol³ in the blood. A wealth of trial data⁴ has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack      4      .

    In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology⁵，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is       5       to offset the increase in heart attack risk from       6       a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．

    Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the       7      effects of cheeseburgers and French fries⁶．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your       8      of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same    9    as a fast food meal increases it.”  “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they       10     , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense⁷ to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are   l 1    free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per    1 2     一not much different to a sachet of sugar⁸.” Dr Francis said．

   When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take     13     that lower their risk, 1ike    14     a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of     1 5     some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．

词汇：

statin/"stæ tIn/ n．降胆固醇药物

outlet/"autlit/ n．销售点

cholesterol/ kə"lestərɔl / n．胆固醇

offset /,ɔf"set/  V. 抵消，补偿

cheeseburger/ "tʃi:z,bə:ɡə / n．芝士汉堡包

milkshake! "milkʃeik / n．奶昔

condiment /"kɔndimənt]! n ．调味品

sachet /"sætʃei / ii ．小袋，小包

rational / "ræʃənəl / adj．合理的

注释：

1. Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs: 句中的could 是一种委婉表达建议的用词，意为“可以”。

2. Imperial College London: 帝国理工学院。该学院于1907 年由城市和行会学校、皇家矿业学校以及皇家科学学院合并组成。学院于2007 年7月正式脱离伦敦大学成为一所独立大学。提供本科和研究生教育，共有四个学院，工程学院、医学院、自然科学院和生命科学院

3. LDL cholesterol: 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。LDL是low density lipoprotein（低密度脂蛋白）的缩写形式。

4. a wealth of trial data: 大量的试验数据。a wealth of意为“大量的，许多”。

5. American Journal of Cardiology: 美国心脏病学杂志

6. French fries:炸薯条

7.It makes sense...: make sense 意为“说得通，合情合理”。

空8

A:examination B:suffering C:determination D:possibility

“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage

The massive subduction zone¹ earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"² that has surprised researchers with its    1    severity, a new analysis shows.

"We"ve seen localized³ examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and    2    of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering⁴ at Oregon State University⁵. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines⁶, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to    3   . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."

Some degree of soil liquefaction⁷ is common in almost any major earthquake. It"s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their    4    and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or    5   .
    But most earthquakes are much    6    than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this⁸.

"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw    7    structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 filled ground, are much more vulnerable."

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil    9    and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,  10   damage was removed in the recovery efforts⁹.

"There"s no doubt that we"ll learn things from what happened in Japan¹⁰ that¹¹ will help us to reduce risks in other similar    11   ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."

Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those    12    within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.

Anything    13    a river and old flood plains is a suspect¹², and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to    14    collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction  15   helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.

词汇：

subduction /sʌb"dʌkʃən/ n．俯冲        

sediment /"sedimənt/ n．沉积；沉淀物

liquefaction /likwi"fækʃən/ n．液化       

infrastructure /"Infrə,strʌktʃə/ n．基础设施

geotecnical /dʒiəu"teknikəl] adj．岩土技术    

compaction /kəm"pækʃən/ n．压紧的

vulnerable /"vʌlnərəbl/ ad]．易受伤害的

注释：

1. subduction zone：俯冲带。亦称下降带、潜没带、消亡带。板块构造说认为，当大洋板块移动并与大陆板块相遇时，由于大洋板块岩石密度较大，地位也低，便俯冲到大陆板块之下，这一俯冲部分叫做俯冲带。俯冲带两侧板块会聚边界称会聚边缘（convergent boundary)。俯冲带上面反映震源活动的地带称“贝尼奥夫地震带（Benioff seismic zone)"。

2. soil "liquefaction"：土壤液化。土壤液化现象是指由于孔隙水压力上升，有效应力减小所导致的土壤从固态到液态的变化，饱水的疏松的粉、细砂土在振动作用下突然破坏而呈现液态的现象。

3. localized：小范围的

4. geotechnical engineering：岩土工程。

5. Oregon State University：俄勒冈州立大学，建校于1858年，位于美国俄勒冈州科瓦利斯，全校设11个学院，80多个专业，尤以农科和工程最为突出。2008年俄勒冈州立大学的核能工程专业在全美大学中排名第9名。

6. water, drain and gas pipelines：自来水管道、排水管道和煤气管道。"water, drain and gaspipelines” 即“water pipelines, drain pipelines and gas pipelines"。

7. some degree of soil liquefaction：某种程度的土壤液化

8. to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this：本句的意思是：重新审视类似这次（持续时间长的）地震中因土壤液化而可能造成的毁坏的规模。

9. recovery efforts：重建工作

10. that we"ll learn things from what happened in Japan：我们将从日本的地震中学到很多东西。该句是同位语从句，说出前半句no doubt的内容。

11. that：that引导的是定语从句，修辞前半句中的things。

12.suspect：被怀疑对象。文中指的是那些疑似危险的土壤。

空8

A:occasionally B:frequently C:specially D:recently

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

　　Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ¹ and are more    1    to go on to university, reveals a major new study² carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy³ and SahlgrenskaUniversityHospital.
　　The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)⁴．The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the    2    of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.
　　The study shows a clear link    3   good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for    4    thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a     5    in the results for the IQ test⁵, and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung     6    and that your brain gets plenty of     7   ，” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons    8    we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular    9   . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
　　By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been    10   to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a    11   IQ.
　　“We have also shown that those youngsters who    12     their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academyand physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case⁶，physical    13    is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must⁷ if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”
　　The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests   14    national service⁸ with the socio-economic status of the men later in     15   . Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.

注释：

空8

A:what B:why C:how D:where

Traffic in Our Cities

     The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) ______ accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to (2) ______ their habits and leave their cars at home.

     One possible (3) ______ is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4)______ charges for parking and (5) ______ tougher fines for anyone who (6) ______ the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) ______ as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a (8) ______ of cities, using a special electronic card ______ (59) to the windscreen of the car.

    Another way of (10) ______ with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11)______ of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre1. Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus (12) ______ for the final stage of their journey.

Of course, the most important (13) ______ is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) ______ the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be2 reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) ______ at an acceptable level.

词汇：

lengthy /"leŋθi:/ a．漫长的，冗长的

persuade /pə"sweid/v．说服，劝服

approach /ə"prəutʃ/ n．方法，途径

windscreen /"windskri:n /n．汽车挡风玻璃

outskirt /"aut,skə:t/ n．郊区，市郊

reliable /ri"laiəbl/ a．可靠的，可信赖的

注释：

1.    ... strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre: ……严格控制进人城市中心的车辆数量

2.    …public transport must be felt to be…：……公共交通必须要让人感觉到……

空8

A:quantity B:number C:total D:sum

8GG8EG（    ）

A:7KK4HK B:4DD4WD C:6EE6EG D:8UUU8Y

某企业适用的增值税税率为 17％，2014年发生下列经济业务： （1）1月1日向银行借入 800000元，用于某项工程，期限 5年，年利率10％（实际利率与 合同利率一致），合同规定到期一次还本，每年末计提利息，次年 1月1日实际支付。该工程 将于2015年完工，假设工程建造期间计提的利息费用均符合资本化条件。 （2）经批准于4月1日按面值发行每张面值 100元，票面利率为8％（实际利率与票面利率 一致），期限5年的债券10000张，该债券为到期一次还本付息债券，发行收入已收到并存入 银行（不考虑发行费用） 。该企业发行债券筹集资金当期全部用于某建设项目。该企业按年 计提债券利息。该项目将于 2016年完工，假设项目建设期间计提的费用均符合资本化条件。 （3）4月5日，销售产品一批，开出普通发票，金额为 140400元，款项尚未收到。该批产 品成本为80000元。 （4）5月1日，接受投资转入一批商品，该批商品计税价格为 240000元（假定该价格是公 允的），增值税额为 40800元，未形成资本溢价。 （5）5月25日，领用本公司的产品一批用于生产设备（假定符合增值税抵扣条件）更新 改造，该批产品成本为 1440000元，不含税售价为 1500000元。 （6）6月2日，将自己生产的产品一批捐赠给某学校，该批产品成本为 2740000元，不含 税售价为3040000元，增值税销项税额为 516800元。 （7）6月15日，购进的某批材料因管理不善发生非常损失，假定根据税法规定相关增值 税不得抵扣，该批材料价值 100000元，进项税额为 17000元，经批准，作为“营业外支出” 处理。 （8）6月30日，销售原材料一批，售价是10000元，增值税是1700元，款项已经收存银行。 该批原材料成本为 60000元。 要求：根据上述资料回答下列各题。

根据资料（6）～（8），下列说法正确的是（ ）。

A:资料（6），捐赠行为不属于视同销售，不计算销项税额 B:资料（6），捐赠支出记入“营业外支出”科目 C:资料（7），直接将进项税额转出计入管理费用 D:资料（8），销售原材料收入计入主营业务收入并结转主营业务成本

某企业适用的增值税税率为 17％，2014年发生下列经济业务： （1）1月1日向银行借入 800000元，用于某项工程，期限 5年，年利率10％（实际利率与 合同利率一致），合同规定到期一次还本，每年末计提利息，次年 1月1日实际支付。该工程 将于2015年完工，假设工程建造期间计提的利息费用均符合资本化条件。 （2）经批准于4月1日按面值发行每张面值 100元，票面利率为8％（实际利率与票面利率 一致），期限5年的债券10000张，该债券为到期一次还本付息债券，发行收入已收到并存入 银行（不考虑发行费用） 。该企业发行债券筹集资金当期全部用于某建设项目。该企业按年 计提债券利息。该项目将于 2016年完工，假设项目建设期间计提的费用均符合资本化条件。 （3）4月5日，销售产品一批，开出普通发票，金额为 140400元，款项尚未收到。该批产 品成本为80000元。 （4）5月1日，接受投资转入一批商品，该批商品计税价格为 240000元（假定该价格是公 允的），增值税额为 40800元，未形成资本溢价。 （5）5月25日，领用本公司的产品一批用于生产设备（假定符合增值税抵扣条件）更新 改造，该批产品成本为 1440000元，不含税售价为 1500000元。 （6）6月2日，将自己生产的产品一批捐赠给某学校，该批产品成本为 2740000元，不含 税售价为3040000元，增值税销项税额为 516800元。 （7）6月15日，购进的某批材料因管理不善发生非常损失，假定根据税法规定相关增值 税不得抵扣，该批材料价值 100000元，进项税额为 17000元，经批准，作为“营业外支出” 处理。 （8）6月30日，销售原材料一批，售价是10000元，增值税是1700元，款项已经收存银行。 该批原材料成本为 60000元。

根据资料（6）～（8），下列说法正确的是（ ）。

A:资料（6），捐赠行为不属于视同销售，不计算销项税额 B:资料（6），捐赠支出记入“营业外支出”科目 C:资料（7），直接将进项税额转出计入管理费用 D:资料（8），销售原材料收入计入主营业务收入并结转主营业务成本