Logistics System A logistics system consists of different functions and activities,such as the following: 1.Customer service is a core function in the logistics process.Each business entity should have a customer service department to handle complaints,special orders,loss and damage claims,returns,bills problem,and etc．This function becomes crucial because any dissatisfaction can lead to failure to retain customers. 2.Inventory management is to maintain the stock of raw materials and half-finished products.In order to satisfy the customers＇demand and minimize costs,a company should establish an optimal level of inventory to meet the market demand that exceeds our expecta-tions,and at the same time,minimize your inventory holding costs and inventory write-down costs. 3.Transportation has taken a great role in many logistics systems for two reasons.First of all,globalization and importing-exporting activities make most products necessary to be transferred from one country to another.Secondly,information revolution has propelled the manufacturing process and consumer behaviors to be changed drastically.Traditional trans-portation methods need to be upgraded to accommodate modern transportation demand,therefore,containerization and usage of information sharing system emerge. 4.Storage is needed to manage the materials and store ready-for-market products in warehouses.There is new technology applied in the storage,for example,automatic ware-house.Old-fashioned warehouse has become the distribution center where container trucks deliver and pick up the goods. 5.Information system links all logistics processes and integrates all information to en-sure all the handling of large quantity of goods are delivered in an efficient,cost-effective and accurate manner. Questions:

Why does information system contribute to an efficient logistics system?( )

A:To link and integrate all logistics functions. B:To gather new information. C:To eliminate wrong data. D:To make all data public for future use.

The World Wide Web is the( )to allow users to browse from one( )to another and to inspect the information available without using complicated commands and protocols.

A:information system B:Internet site C:net system D:Internet

How We Form First Impression

    1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her — aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

    2 The answer is related to how your brain, allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different¹. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information — the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against² a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”

    3 If you see someone you know and like at school³, your brain says “familiar and safe. ‘‘If you see someone new, it says, “new — potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories；The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued. “Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures — like your other friends；so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong⁴.

    4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking（not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child）that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than lean about the depth and breadth of people — their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character — we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.

    5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking — and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.

词汇：

trait / treɪ, treɪt/ n．特点，特征，特性

host / həʊst/ n．一大群，许多

simplistic / sɪm’plɪstɪk / adj．过分单纯化的

categorical / ,kætɪ’gɒrɪkl/ adj．绝对的

jock /dʒɒk / n．骗子

geek / gi:k / n．反常的人

stereotype / ’sterɪətaɪp/ v．对……产生成见

humane / hju:’meɪn, hjʊ- / adj．有人情味的，人文的

sensory / ’sensərɪ / adj．感官的，感觉的

cortex / ’kɔ:teks /n．脑皮层

ethnicity n．种族特点

intrigue / ɪn’tri:g / v．激起兴趣

freak / fri:k / n．怪人

注释：

1．Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different：从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... .，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。

2．against：和……对比

3．If you see someone you know and like at school ...：如果你在学校里看见某个你认识而且喜欢的人…… like在这里是动词。

B　the most complex areas of our cortex

C　the immature form of thinking of a very young child

D　the meaning of incoming sensory information

E　the sights and sounds of the world

Sensory information is one that is perceived through ________.

A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F

信息（Information）的定义

In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life’’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. 　　In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. 　　Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming. 　　Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled Without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 　　In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that________________.

A:they have to learn new things consciously B:they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information C:they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily D:they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family

What kind of information dose the fire plan contain?

A:Fire alarm signal, fire instructionand your assignment B:location of firefighting equipmentonboard C:How to use firefightingequipment onboard D:Information on how handledifferent types of fires

"Of the following,______is not correct concerning the information provided by NAVTEX．

A:It is a broadcast maritime safety information B:It is received by means of narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy C:It is sooner or later cancelled or superseded by Notices to Mariners D:It is an automatic reception of maritime safety information"

The information on _____ is not likely found in The Mariners Handbook（NP100）．

A:IALA Buoyage system IALA B:hydrography ，topography，navigational aids and their services C:basic meteorology and navigation in ice and hazards and restrictions to navigation D:information on tides ，currents and characteristics of the se"