模拟试题一
模拟试题一
How We Form First Impression
1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her — aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain, allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information — the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says “familiar and safe. ‘‘If you see someone new, it says, “new — potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories；The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued. “Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures — like your other friends；so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong4.
4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking（not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child）that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than leam about the depth and breadth of people — their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character — we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking — and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
词汇：
trait / treɪ, treɪt/ n．特点，特征，特性
host / həʊst/ n．一大群，许多
simplistic / sɪm’plɪstɪk / adj．过分单纯化的
categorical / ,kætɪ’gɒrɪkl/ adj．绝对的
jock /dʒɒk / n．骗子
geek / gi:k / n．反常的人
stereotype / ’sterɪətaɪp/ v．对……产生成见
humane / hju:’meɪn, hjʊ- / adj．有人情味的，人文的
sensory / ’sensərɪ / adj．感官的，感觉的
cortex / ’kɔ:teks /n．脑皮层
ethnicity n．种族特点
intrigue / ɪn’tri:g / v．激起兴趣
freak / fri:k / n．怪人
注释：
1．Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different：从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... .，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。
2．against：和……对比
3．If you see someone you know and like at school ...：如果你在学校里看见某个你认识而且喜欢的人…… like在这里是动词。
4．dead wrong：相当于completely wrong。dead wrong是口语表达用语。
A a stranger’s less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortex
C the immature form of thinking of a very young child
D the meaning of incoming sensory information
E the sights and sounds of the world
F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
You interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain ________.
A:a stranger's less mature type of thinking B:the most complex areas of our cortex C:the immature form of thinking of a very young child D:the meaning of incoming sensory information E:the sights and sounds of the world F:an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking
How We Form First Impression
1 We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her — aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
2 The answer is related to how your brain, allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different1. In fact, your brain continuously processes incoming sensory information — the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “signals” are compared against2 a host of “memories” stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals “mean.”
3 If you see someone you know and like at school3, your brain says “familiar and safe. ‘‘If you see someone new, it says, “new — potentially threatening.” Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories；The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures, and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I’m intrigued. “Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures — like your other friends；so your brain says: “I like this person.” But these preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong4.
4 When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking（not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child）that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than lean about the depth and breadth of people — their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character — we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
5 However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking — and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane.
词汇：
trait / treɪ, treɪt/ n．特点，特征，特性
host / həʊst/ n．一大群，许多
simplistic / sɪm’plɪstɪk / adj．过分单纯化的
categorical / ,kætɪ’gɒrɪkl/ adj．绝对的
jock /dʒɒk / n．骗子
geek / gi:k / n．反常的人
stereotype / ’sterɪətaɪp/ v．对……产生成见
humane / hju:’meɪn, hjʊ- / adj．有人情味的，人文的
sensory / ’sensərɪ / adj．感官的，感觉的
cortex / ’kɔ:teks /n．脑皮层
ethnicity n．种族特点
intrigue / ɪn’tri:g / v．激起兴趣
freak / fri:k / n．怪人
注释：
1．Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different：从even开始到as different是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... .，而that是与主句中的so呼应的。
2．against：和……对比
3．If you see someone you know and like at school ...：如果你在学校里看见某个你认识而且喜欢的人…… like在这里是动词。
4．dead wrong：相当于completely wrong。dead wrong是口语表达用语。A a stranger’s less mature type of thinkingB the most complex areas of our cortex
C the immature form of thinking of a very young child
D the meaning of incoming sensory information
E the sights and sounds of the world
F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinkingYou interpret by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain ________.
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
防护（protection against）与保护（protection for）
Questions from 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
The exporter, as drawer of a draft (bill of exchange), hands the draft to his bank, the remitting bank, who in turn forwards it to the buyer through a collecting bank in the buyer’s country. A draft (also called a bill) is a written order to a bank or a customer to pay someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future a certain sum of money. If shipping documents accompany the draft, the collection is called “documentary collection.”
Documentary collection falls into two major categories: one is documents against payment(D/P); the other, documents against acceptance (D/A).
Documents against payment, as the term suggests, is that the collecting bank will only give the shipping documents representing the title to the goods on the condition that the buyer makes payment.
Where the paying arrangement is D/A, the collecting bank will only give the buyer the shipping documents after buyer’s acceptance of the bill drawn on him, i.e. the buyer signs his name on the bill promising to pay the sum when it matures. In return he gets what he needs – the shipping documents.
Under D/A, the seller gives up the title to the goods – shipping documents before he gets payment of the goods. Therefore, an exporter must think twice before he accepts such paying arrangement.
A:documents against acceptance B:documents against payment C:delivery after payment D:cash against payment
Every year about 4,000,000 Americans are arrested and accused of crimes ranging from theft and traffic violations to murder. The Supreme Court(最高法院) has ruled that anyone charged with a crime has certain rights under the law. Do you know what your rights are if you are arrested Here are four of them. First, as soon as the police arrest a person, they must tell him of his right to remain silent. Under the taw, he is not required to answer their questions. Second, the police must tell him of his right to have a lawyer. The state or city government will pay a lawyer to take the case of a suspect who cannot afford one. Third, the Fifth Amendment(修正案) to the Constitution says that no person has to be a wit ness against himself. This means that the suspect does not. have to speak against himself. Fourth, a person cannot be tried for the same crime twice. ff a person has been found innocent, he cannot be arrested again, brought to court, and retried for the same: crime.
First of all, the police should tell the suspect that he can（）under the law.A:keep silent B:inform his family C:find a lawyer D:speak against himself
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
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How a Terrible Battle Helped to Change
Europe ? ?Ninety years ago on a sunny morning in Northern France，something happened that changed Britain and Europe for ever．At half past seven on the morning of July 1，1916，whistles blew and thousands of British soldiers{{U}} ?(51) ?{{/U}}their positions to attack their German enemies．{{U}} ?(52) ?{{/U}}the end of the day，20，000 of them were dead，and another 30，000 wounded or missing．The Battle of the Somme，{{U}} ?(53) ?{{/U}}it is called，lasted for six months．When it ended，125，000British soldiers were dead．They had gained five kilometers of ground． ? ?This was one of a series of great battles during the WWI. The{{U}} ?(54) ?{{/U}}on the Somme was staged to relieve pressure on the French，who were{{U}} ?(55) ?{{/U}}in a great battle of their own at a place called Verdun．By the time the battle ended，over a million French and German troops had been killed． ? ?About 17 million people were killed in WWI．There have been wars with greater numbers of dead．But there has never been one{{U}} ?(56) ?{{/U}}most of the dead were concentrated in such a small area．On the Somme battlefield，two men died for every metre of space． ? ?Local farmers working in the land still{{U}} ?(57) ?{{/U}}the bodies of those who died in that battle．The dead of all nations were buried in a series of giant graveyards{{U}} ?(58) ?{{/U}}the line of the border between France and Belgium．Relatives and descendants(后代) of those who died still{{U}} ?(59) ?{{/U}}these graveyards today． ? ?It took a second great conflict before Europe was to{{U}} ?(60) ?{{/U}}against war itself．Twenty-eight years after the Somme battle，a liberating army of British，American and Canadian troops took{{U}} ?(61) ?{{/U}}France from another German invasion．More than 500，000 people were killed．New graveyards were built． ? ?Two great conflicts across two generations helped to change the European{{U}} ?(62) ?{{/U}}about war．Germany，once the most warlike country in Europe，is now probably more in favor of peace than any other．One major{{U}} ?(63) ?{{/U}}of war in Europe was rivalry(竞争) between France and Germany．The European Union was specifically formed to{{U}} ?(64) ?{{/U}}that rivalry． ? ?The last British veteran(老兵) of the Somme battle died in 2005，aged 108．And the WWI is passing out of{{U}} ?(65) ?{{/U}}and into history．But for anyone who wants to understand how Europeans think，it is still important to know a little about the terrible events of July 1,1916． |
A:with B:along C:into D:against
Document credit means payment against( )instead of against goods.
A:contracts B:documents C:cargoes D:bank draft
Documentary credit means payment against( )．
A:ship B:cargo C:documents D:money
Documentary credit means payment against goods instead of against documents.( )
Questions from 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: The exporter, as drawer of a draft (bill of exchange), hands the draft to his bank, the remitting bank, who in turn forwards it to the buyer through a collecting bank in the buyer’s country. A draft (also called a bill) is a written order to a bank or a customer to pay someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future a certain sum of money. If shipping documents accompany the draft, the collection is called “documentary collection.” Documentary collection falls into two major categories: one is documents against payment(D/P); the other, documents against acceptance (D/A). Documents against payment, as the term suggests, is that the collecting bank will only give the shipping documents representing the title to the goods on the condition that the buyer makes payment. Where the paying arrangement is D/A, the collecting bank will only give the buyer the shipping documents after buyer’s acceptance of the bill drawn on him, i.e. the buyer signs his name on the bill promising to pay the sum when it matures. In return he gets what he needs – the shipping documents. Under D/A, the seller gives up the title to the goods – shipping documents before he gets payment of the goods. Therefore, an exporter must think twice before he accepts such paying arrangement.The meaning of D/A is（ ）.
A:documents against acceptance B:documents against payment C:delivery after payment D:cash against payment
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