Plants and Mankind

    Botany（植物学）, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age 1 ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient 2. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes 3, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon 4 recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge 5” at all.

    Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid 6. When our Neolithic 7 ancestors, living in the Middle Eastabout 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away 8.

词汇：

botany /"bəutəni/ n．植物学

detailed /"di:teild/ adj．详细的，详尽的

property /"prɔpəti/ n．特征；财产，资产

logical /"lɔdʒikəl/ adj．逻辑的，合乎逻辑的

pyramid /"pirəmid/ n．金字塔

welfare /"welfeə/ n．福利，幸福，康乐

yield /ji: ld/ n．产量，收益

marvel /"ma:vəl/ n．令人惊奇的事（人），奇迹

variety /və"raiəti/ n．品种，变种；变化，多样化

accumulate / ə"kju: mjuleit/ vt．积累，积聚

intimacy / "intiməsi/ n．亲近，亲密

注释：

1.    Stone Age：石器时代

2.    …a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.……对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远。

3.    dye：染料

4.    the Amazon：亚马孙河

5.    Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,…然而每个人都会在无意识中获得大量的植物知识，……come on:（偶然）遇见；（偶然）发现。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance．我有这个想法纯属偶然。

6.    orchid：兰花

7.    Neolithic：新石器时代的

8.    From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.：从那时起，人类就越来越多地从可控制的IL种植物的种植中获取生计，而不是从野生的众多种类中东采一点，西摘一点。在数万年的经验中积累起来的知识以及与大自然中各种植物的紧密联系也就开始消失。take their living from…：靠……过活

It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

A:A．

The UCP published by the( )，contains detailed provisions dealing with the operation of documentary credit．

A:CIFA B:FIATA C:BIMCO D:ICC

Which one is the ‘clear grounds ’ for a more detailed inspection?

A:paint peeling off the uptake B:no operation procedures for the oil separators C:one of ship ’s certificates required is invalid D:damaged sanitary pump

Which one is NOT the ‘clear grounds ’ for a more detailed inspection?

A:absence of engine log book B:serious corrosion on the hull C:one page missing in the oil record book D:paint peeling off some tailings in engine rooms

Which one is NOT the ‘clear grounds ’ for a more detailed inspection?

A:the master and the chief engineer are unable to communicate effectively B:serious corrosion on the hull C:damaged sanitary pump D:one page missing in the oil record book

Which one is NOT the ‘clear grounds ’ for a more detailed inspection?

A:no operation procedures for the oil separators B:engine log book missing C:the master and the chief engineer are unable to communicate effectively D:absence of an up-date muster list

If , the PSCO should proceed to a more detailed inspection.

A:the PSCO ’s general impression confirm a good standard of maintenance B:the certificates are valid C:the PSCO believes the ship doesn ’t meet the requirements D:the PSCO can ’t find deficiencies at first glance

"The detailed amendment to the List of Lights is given in______．

A:Section VI B:Section V C:Section IV D:Section III