You are managing a project to develop a soy-based．lactose-free，magnesium-rich nutritional drink for the“over 50”market．You have recently heard that the client calls your progress reports the“Code of Hammurabi”because they seem to be written in hieroglyphics and are completely indecipherable to all but an Egyptologist．This situation could have been avoided by （）．

A:informing the client at the start of the project of the types of reports they will receive B:using risk management techniques to identify client issues C:hiring an expert report writer to prepare standard reports D:engaging in communications planning

There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.
The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research.
The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.
The best title for this passage could be______.

A:Types of Research Reports B:Types of Journal Articles C:Writing of research Reports D:Writing of Different Articles

There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.
The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research.
The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.

The best title for this passage could be（　）

A:Types of Research Reports B:Types of Journal Articles C:Writing of research Reports D:Writing of Different Articles

There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.
The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research.
The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners.

The best title for this passage could be（）

A:Types of Research Reports B:Types of Journal Articles C:Writing of research Reports D:Writing of Different Articles

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are (51) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an overburden of material, typically snowpack (积雪场), that is too massive and unstable for the slope (52) supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is (53) to cause an avalanche, (54) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (55) of avalanche. Snow does not (56) significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not (57) easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered (激发) avalanches have the greatest incidence (发生率) when the snow’s angle of rest is (58) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb (经验法则) is: A slope that is (59) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with (60) ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry (人烟稀少的地区) is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous (61) , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather (62) , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also (63) the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (64) to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are (65) or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

A:conditions B:reports C:forecast D:event

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are (51) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope (52) supports it. Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is (53) to cause an avalanche, (54) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low (55) of avalanche. Snow does not (56) significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does no (57) easily on fiat slopes. Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest is (58) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb is: A slope that is (59) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with (60) ; that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous (61) , including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather (62) , and human factors. Several well-known good habits can also (63) the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid (64) to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are (65) or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.

A:conditions B:reports C:forecast D:event

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

A:conditions B:reports C:forecast D:event

There are many types of reports. A report is simply (51) of something that has happened. The commonest are (52) . We get them in newspapers, over radio and (53) television. Sometimes cinemas also show us newsreels.
The main purpose of a newspaper (54) provide news. If you (55) a newspaper closely, you will find that there are all types of news: accidents, floods, fires, wars, sports, books, etc. The news (56) everything that happens to people and their surroundings. Sometimes there are news items which are very (57) .
The big (58) bold words above the news items are called headlines. Their purpose is to (59) attention so that people will troy the newspaper because they want to read (60) of the news.
A news report is usually very short, (61) when it is about something very important, but it (62) a lot of information. It is also written in short paragraphs. The first paragraph is in (63) a summary of the news item. It gives all the necessary information: what, when, where, how, why. The other paragraphs give (64) of the subject. There may also be interviews (65) people. The words actually spoken by them are within inverted commas.
Often there are photographs to go with the news to make it more interesting.

A:news reports B:new reports C:news report D:new report