EDA技术

Moderate Earthquake Strikes England

    A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County2. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.

    “It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fim-fair ride, 3” said the woman.

    The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5, about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7.

    Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.

    “I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me,” said Hendrick van Eck, 27, of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London. “I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier9. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down. ”

    There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.

    The country’s strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geologicisd Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12 Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13 before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.

 

词汇：

moderate / ’mɒdərɪt / adj．中等的

topple / ’tɒpl / v．倾倒，震倒

tremor / ’tremə(r) / n．震动

fun-fair n．公共露天游乐场

forthcoming /,fɔ:θ’kʌmiŋ/ adj．即将来临的

geological /dʒɪə’lɒdʒɪkəl/ adj．地质的

magnitude / ’mægnɪtju:d /n．值，强度量

rouse / raʊz / v．唤醒

hop / hɒp /v．齐足跳起

scale / skeɪl / n．震级

evacuate / ɪ’vækjʊeɪt /v．疏散

 

注释：

1．power：电力

2．Kent County ：肯特郡（位于英格兰东南部）

3．It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride：它（地震）给人的感觉是整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动。ride是“游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置”。as if是“好像……一样;仿佛”，例如：

He treated me as if I were his son.

他待我如同待他的儿子一样。

4．the 4.3-magnitude quake：里氏4.3级地震

5．English Channel：英吉利—峡

6．Dover：多佛尔（英格兰东南部港市）

7．Channel Tunnel：海峡隧道。Channel Tunnel（常简称为Chunnel）是连接英法两国的海峡隧。

8．Canterbury：坎特伯雷（英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是zōng jiāo 朝圣圣地）

9．it was getting heavier and heavier：爆裂声越来越响

10．Birmingham：伯明翰（英格兰中部城市）

11．the Richter scale：里氏震级表。美国地震学家Charles Francis Richter（1900一1985）于1935年制定了地震震级表。

12．British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France：英国地质勘测所的科学家Roger Musson说，这次4月28日遭遇地震的地区曾经遭受过英国最强烈的几次大地震，其中的一次大地震发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，巴黎也能感到它的震波。

13．a matter of time：时间问题。又如：It’s not a matter of money.这不是个钱的问题。

 

During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power.

A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned

Narrow Escape

    We had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid with colour. 1 It meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.

    As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The main problem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First, because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step you take insecure.

    For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally and mazed with cracks. When I tried to haul myself up on a block of it, it would pull out towards me, like a drawer opening. My hands became progressively wetter and colder 2. Then came a shout. "Cailloux! Cailloux!" I heard yelled from above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from.

    There were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each other in mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling it with noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hum as it moved through the air, then crack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped further and further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few years above me at school had taught me never to look up during a rock fall. "Why? Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet," he told us. "Face in, always face in."

    I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not understand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack. 3

    I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and arched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they"ll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I"ll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby."Are you all right? That went straight through you."The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went.

    Toby and I had spent the evening talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn"t leapt sideways, what if I"d been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it. 

 

词汇：

livid [ˈlɪvɪd] adj. 铅色的;青灰色的;非常生气的

awkward [ˈɔ:kwəd] adj. 笨拙的;尴尬的;棘手的;

grip [ɡrɪp] n. 紧握;支配 vt. 紧握;夹紧

 

注释：

1. When we stepped outside., the sky beyond the mountains to our east was already livid withcolour.我们走到外面，东面笼罩在山上的天空是青灰色的。

2.  For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition. When I triedto haul myself up on a block of it,it would pull towards me,like a drawer opening. My handsbecame progressively wetter and colder.我们平稳前进了30分钟。岩石的状况很不好。当我们试图把自己拉上去，它就会滑向我们，像一个打开的抽屉。我的手逐渐出汗变得冰冷。

3. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped aheavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them.A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack.

然后我感到了一阵重击，紧紧向后拉扯，像是有人使劲儿地用手夹住我的肩膀然后把我转向面对他的方向。一块石头砸在了我背包的盖子上。

Why was it "too late" by the time they left the hut in the morning?

A:It would be uncomfortable climbing in hot weather B:The livid colour of the sky would hurt their eyes C:Rocks loosened by melting ice could be dangerous D:They wouldn"t be able to walk on the melting ice

Americans Get Touchy 1

    The New York Times recently reported that American teens are hugging practically everyone they see. Say goodbye to the greetings of the past, from the hands-off "What"s up!" to the handshake or high-five 2. For young people across the country, hugging is the new "Hello".

    Girls are hugging girls. Boys are hugging boys. Girls and boys are hugging each other. And, like every major trend, there are lots of variations on the form. There"s the classic, full-body, arms-around-the-person bear hug, the casual one-armed side hug, the group hug and the hug from behind. There"s the handshake that turns into a hug and the hug that turns into a pat on the back.

    As trends go, this one seems pretty innocent. But some parents, teachers and school administrators are worried nonetheless. Will young people who aren"t as comfortable with physical contact feel peer pressured into hugging? Willkids who don"t receive hugs feel left Out 3? Could an extra-long hug slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment?

    In response to some of these concerns, some schools have set up new rules to limit or eliminate hugging. One school head has created a three-second limitation 4 for hugs at her school. A few schools have taken even more drastic measures, placing a ban on all forms of touching between students.

    A few important points are being left out of the discussion. While the US has traditionally been reserved about touching - saving hugs and kisses for relatives, romantic partners and very close friends - people in many other parts of the world have been greeting each other this way for ages.

    In Latin America or Western Europe, in countries like Spain,France, andItaly, a kiss on the cheek is common among women, as well as among women and men who are not romantically involved. The cheek-kiss varies by region.

    Sometimes it is just an air kiss blown past the face. In other places, the proper way of greeting is to deliver a kiss upon both cheeks, or sometimes even a triplet of kisses performed by kissing one cheek, then the other, then back to the first.

    Latin American men are more likely to shake hands when greeting other men,but in some countries likeTurkey, it"s not unusual for men who know each other well to exchange kisses on the cheek. Meanwhile, for the Maori people 5 ofNew Zealand, a traditional greeting called the "hongi" involves pressing nosestogether.

    So, from a global perspective, the new trend of teen hugging inAmericais not so "new" after all. People all around the world move in close to say hello,and Americans are just now joining in.

 

词汇：

touchy ["tʌtʃɪ] 易怒的；敏感的

harassment ["hærəsmənt] 骚扰

triplet ["trɪplət] 三个一组；三件一套

 

注释：

1.touchy的本意为“易怒的”“敏感的”，这里用来指“喜欢肢体接触的”，标题意味美国人越来越喜欢肢体接触了。

2.high-five:是美国文化手势的一种，并没有正式的中文名称，一般代表了“庆祝成功的击掌”，有时也写成“Give  me - five”。

3.feel left out:感到被排斥

4.three-second limitation:学校制定的将拥抱限制在三秒钟之内的规定

5.Maori people:毛利人（新西兰的土著）

Some parents,teachers and school administrators concern the new trend of hugging for thefollowing reasons EXCEPT____.

A:Some young people get involved into the trend due to peer pressure B:Those who don"t receive hugs feel left out C:There"s the danger that hugging slide into the more ominous territory of sexual harassment D:Diseases could be transmitted more easily through the extra-long body contact

执行（）命令操作，元器件按底端对齐。

A:Align Right B:Align Top C:Align Left D:Align Bottom

执行（）命令操作，元器件按顶端对齐。

A:Align Right B:Align Top C:Align Left D:Align Bottom

执行（）命令操作，元器件按左端对齐。

A:Align Right B:Align Top C:Align Left D:Align Bottom

已知某类工程的朗格系数如下表所示：

朗格系数KL
2.402
内容

A:(a)包括基础、设备、绝热、油漆、及设备安装费
E×1.4
B:(b)包括上述在内和配管工程费
(a)
C:(c)装置直接费
(b)
D:)总费用C
(c)<

已知某类工程的朗格系数如下表所示：

朗格系数KL
2.402
内容

A:(a)包括基础、设备、绝热、油漆、及设备安装费
E×1.4
B:(b)包括上述在内和配管工程费
(a)
C:(c)装置直接费
(b)
D:(d)总费用C
(c)
若该项目的设备购置费E为2000万元，则配管工程费为( )万元。 E:4804 840 3640 600

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