代维认证传输线路L2考试题十九
代维认证传输线路L2考试题十九
Lightening Strikes
Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience. “My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1____ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible.
Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2____ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works.
____3____ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company inAmericahas manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.
Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club inSurreywhen she was hit by a bolt of lightning. Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time, she has been a strictly fair weather golfer1. ____4____ The best place to be is inside a car!
The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet.
Harold Deal, a retired electrician fromSouth Carolina,USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. ____5____Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. InEast Angliain 1918, 504 sheep were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.
词汇:
bolt / bəʊlt / n. （闪电）道
sheer / ʃɪə / adj. 绝对的
resuscitate / rɪ"sʌsɪteɪt / v. 使复苏
flock / flɒk / n. 群
rubble / "rʌb(ə)l / n. 碎石
spire / spaɪə / n. 尖顶，尖塔
instantaneously / ,instən"teinjəsli /adv. 即刻，突如其来地
注释:
1．she has been a strictly fair weather golfer：她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。
2．Animals are victims of lightning too：动物也会受到雷击的伤害。
练习:
A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
The Enemy Within
Allergy has become more and more common over the last 30 years. Now one-third of us are affected by allergy at some point in our lives and half of these sufferers are children. In the UK, three million people suffer from asthma, and five per cent of children suffer from food allergy.
Allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system has a strange and unnecessary reaction to a substance which is normally harmless, such as pollen or peanuts. ____1____ To defend your body against an attacker, the immune system remembers these dangerous micro-organisms and attacks them if it meets them again. This work is done by antibodies. The immune system in allergy sufferers makes antibodies against harmless substances, because it mistakenly believes them to be dangerous.
An allergic reaction may not happen the first time a sufferer meets an allergen (the substance causing the reaction, such as pollen, milk or strawberries). Sometimes people can eat nuts for years and then suddenly become allergic to them. What has happened is that the immune system has now decided the substance is dangerous and has made an allergy antibody. This antibody then attaches itself to cells, which contain histamine. ____2____ As they do that, the surface of the cells is broken, and histamine is released. The histamine and other chemicals inflame the tissues. This leads to the symptoms of allergy, such as swelling, rashes, sneezing, sore eyes and breathlessness. Anaphylaxis is the most severe allergic reaction of all and is most often triggered by wasp or bee stings or peanuts. This must be treated immediately.
____3____ Some people are born with the ability to make lots of allergy antibodies, and they are more likely to develop allergies and allergic disorders such as hay fever and asthma.
____4____ We eat more processed foods, with a wide range of additives and colourings; more and more people have central heating and double glazing, making our houses warmer and less draughty-an ideal environment to breed the house dust mite.
There may also be a link between allergies and antibiotics. At one time our immune systems were kept busy fighting off disease and trying to win the battle for health, but antibiotics have reduced the amount of work our immune systems have to do. Now experts think they may direct spare energy to harmless substances such as strawberries. ____5____
A good deal of research is being devoted to finding a cure for allergies. Sufferers may be given medicine to control symptoms, and they may also be offered tests to find out what substances trigger an allergic reaction so that they can avoid contact with these in future.
词汇：
allergy ["ælədʒɪ] n. 过敏，过敏症
sufferer ["sʌfərə] n. 患者，受害者
asthma ["æsmə] n. 哮喘
substance ["sʌbst(ə)ns] n. 物质
pollen ["pɒlən] n. 花粉
micro-organism n. 微生物
antibodies n. antibody的复数形式，意为抗体
allergen ["ælədʒ(ə)n] n. 过敏源
nut [nʌt] n. 坚果
histamine ["hɪstəmiːn] n. 组织胺，组胺
tissue ["tɪʃuː; "tɪsjuː] n. 人体组织
symptom ["sɪm(p)təm] n. 病症，征兆
rash [ræʃ] n. 疱疹
sneezing ["sni:ziŋ] n. 打喷嚏
breathlessness ["breθlisnis] n. 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁
anaphylaxis [,ænəfɪ"læksɪs] n. 全身性过敏反应，过敏反应
wasp [wɒsp] n. 黄蜂
sting [stɪŋ] n. 蟄，咬
hayfever n. 枯草热，花粉病
additives n. 添加剂，食品添加剂
cure [kjʊə; kjɔː] n. 治疗，解药
注释：
1．suffer from...忍受^的折磨
2．be devoted to sth. ...全身心投入于^
练习：
A The immune system is there to protect the body against outside attackers, including viruses, bacteria and parasites.
B In other words our immune systems have become over-sensitive.
C Allergies run in families.
D International differences have been associated with the number of individuals within a population have allergy.
E When the antibodies meet the allergen the next time, they attempt to destroy it.
F Experts believe more people have developed allergies because of changes in our lifestyle which have exposed us to more allergens.空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Are Online Friends Real Friends?
Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____2____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.
Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____3____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t be sure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.
Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the UniversityofSouthern Californiasurveyed 2,000 households in theUnited States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline” friends. ____4____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____5____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.
People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”
词汇:
acquaint / ə"kweɪnt / v.使熟悉
lively / "laɪvlɪ / adj.热烈的
deceive / dɪ"siːv / vt.欺骗
exaggerate / ɪg"zædʒəreɪt; eg- / v.夸大
beneficial / ˌ benɪ"fɪʃ(ə)l / adj. 有益的
update / ʌp"deɪt / vt. 更新
buddy /"bʌdɪ / n. 朋友
add on 补充
注释：
1．Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
练习：
A．In addition, virtual friends can offer emotional support.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
What we take from and give to the sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean – millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. __1__. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. __2__. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea1, too. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. __3__. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds – even candy, and ice cream – as well as medicine.
Believe it or not, fresh water is anther gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. __4__. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the future, we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. __5__. Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water we pour into it, Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
词汇：
fertilizer/ "fɜːtɪlaɪzə / n．化肥
sponge /spɔndʒ/ n．海绵
garbage / "gɑːbɪdʒ / n．垃圾
evaporate / ɪ"væpəreɪt / v．蒸发
seaweed /"si:wi:d/ n．海草
注释：
1.Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life.把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。
练习:
A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B.We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D.Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E.We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F.Some of its contents may cause illness.
空1
A:A B:B C:C D:D E:E F:F
Across the Deserts
The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. TheSaharaDesertis an unfriendly environment. During the day it"s very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in theSahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across theSahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That"s a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn"t see. One time they got lost. But they didn"t quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across theSaharaDesert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of theRed Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
Stretch / strɛtʃ / v. 延伸，伸展
Calorie / "kælərɪ / n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
Quit / kwɪt / v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......Each day the men ran for approximately eight hours.
A:Right B:Wrong C:mentioned
Across the Deserts
The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. TheSaharaDesertis an unfriendly environment. During the day it"s very hot, and at night it’s sometimes very cold. It is also difficult to find water in theSahara.
In 2006, Kevin Lin, Ray Zahab, and Charlie Engle decided to do something very difficult. They made the decision to run across the Sahara Desert 4,300 miles (6,920km). It seemed impossible to do, but they wanted to try. The three men liked to test themselves, and this would be a very big test.
On the morning of November 2, Kevin, Ray, and Charlie started their trip across theSahara. Every morning they began running at 5:00. At11 a.m. they stopped and rested until 5 p.m. Then they ran again until 9:30 in the evening. Each day they ran about 40 miles (64 km). Every day it was the same thing. They got up and ran. They listened to music on their iPods, and they ran and ran.
Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed to eat a lot of food during their trip. Most people need about 2,000 calories of food each day. Kevin, Ray, and Charlie needed between 6,000 and 9,000 calories every day. That"s a lot of food! They also needed to drink a lot of water.
The three men had some problems on their trip, and many times they wanted to quit and go home. It was often very hot (140°F/60°C) during the day, and the heat made them sick. Their legs and feet hurt. Sometimes it was very windy, and they couldn"t see. One time they got lost. But they didn"t quit. After 111 days, Kevin, Ray; and Charlie successfully finished their trip across theSaharaDesert. They hugged each other and put their hands in the water of theRed Sea. Then they ran to a hotel to take a long shower.
词汇：
Stretch / strɛtʃ / v. 延伸，伸展
Calorie / "kælərɪ / n. 卡(路里)，小卡，大卡
Quit / kwɪt / v. 停止，放
注释：
1. ... made the decision to run across ...：......决正跑步横跨......In the middle of the day: the men usually stopped running.
A:Right B:Wrong C:mentioned
