无效养分 non-available nutrient
稷(broomcornmillet、non—glutinous)
粳粟(non—glutinousfoxtailmillet)
非结构蛋白(non—structureprotein)
All Americans are at least vaguely (1) with the (2) of the American Indian. Cutbacks in federal programs for Indians have made their problems (3) more severe in recent years. Josephy reports," (4) 1981 it was estimated that cut, backs in federal programs for Indians totaled about $ 500 million" (5) mole than ten times the cuts affecting their (6) fellow Americans. This reduced funding is affecting almost all aspects of reservation life, (7) education. If the Indians could solve their (8) problems, solutions to many of their other problems might not be far behind. In, this paper the current status of Indian education will be described and (9) and some ways of improving this education will be proposed.
Whether to (10) with the dominant American culture or to (11) Indian culture has been a longstanding issue in Indian education. The next fifty years became a period of (12) assimilation in all areas of Indian culture, but especially in religion and education (Jacoby 83r84).
John Collier, a reformer who agitated . (13) Indians and their culture from the early 1920s until his death in 1968, had a different i dea. He believed that instead of effacing native culture, Indian schools (14) encourage and (15) it ( Dippie’276, 325 ).
Pressure to assimilate remains a potent force today, (16) . More and more Indians are graduating from high school and college and becoming (17) for jobs in the non - Indian society." When Indians obtain the requisite skills, many of them enter the broader American society and succeed." (18) approximately 90 percent of all Indian children are educated in state public school systems (Taylor 136, 155). (19) these children compete with the members of the dominant society, however, is another (20) .
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)18()
A:non-Indian B:Indian C:previous D:former
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the invaders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation ( 哺乳期 ), this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning necessitates producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of stimulating an immune response is called an antigen. Tissues or cells from another individual (except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical self-markers ) act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes( 抗原决定基), which stick out from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface, some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be so-called autoimmune disease. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person’’s immune system actually attacking itself
The principal task of the immune system is to
A:recognize and reject all alien molecules that enter the body. B:remove all the substances that invade the body organisms. C:defend the body from attacks of different viruses or bacteria. D:identify and specify all non-self molecules it encounters.
Non-vessel Operating Common Carrier
"______ are not a non-tidal currents.
A:River flows B:Floods C:Freshets D:Falling water levels"
"non-sparking footwearis recommended to be used where there
______.
A:is water B:are materials such as explosives which may be ignited by ignition sources C:is sawdust to be used D:cement may be used"